秸秆还田对土壤氮磷及水土的影响研究

秸秆还田作为低碳农业、有机农业的重要环节,对改善土壤结构,减少水土流失,提高土壤的养分含量具有积极作用。秸秆还田主要通过增加土壤孔隙度,降低土壤容重从而调节地温,达到蓄水保墒的功能,促进作物生长。秸秆还田能有效增加土壤有机质含量,提高氮肥的利用效率,有效减少氮素、磷素的流失,提高土壤氮素的含量,对土壤中有效磷和全磷含量均有所提高,改善农田生产环境,保障粮食增产能力。秸秆还田能有效减少地表径流量和径流次数,从而减少径流所带走的养分,减缓对周围水系的面源污染,有利于提高土壤含水量。有效的秸秆还田对N2O等温室气体的排放的实验研究,有着不同的研究结果。但是秸秆还田的实施还存在着一定的问题,应进一步深入研究秸秆还田对土壤养分和环境的影响机制,进行长期监测实验,发展恰当的秸秆还田方式,减少化肥的使用,对促进我国农业的持续快速发展有着十分重要的意义。

Effect of Straw-returning on Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Water of Soil

As an important part of low-carbon and organic agriculture, straw-returning has a positive effect about improving soil structure and nutrient content and reducing soil erosion. Straw-returning can increase soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, and then retain water to preserve soil moisture ability, it can promote crop growth. Through straw-returning, the content of soil organic matter can be increased, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer can be improved, the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus can be reduced, at the same time, the content of soil phosphorus and total phosphorus can be improved, straw-returning is beneficial to improve agricultural production environment, to ensuring the potential of yield increase. Straw-returning can reduce the number of surface runoff, reduce nutrient runoff away from soil consequently, it is benefit to the soil moisture and the surrounding river systems. There are different experimental study results about N2O gas emissions with straw-returning. However, there are some problems about the implementation of straw-returning, we should study the impact of straw-returning mechanisms, proceed long-term monitoring of experiments, develop the appropriate straw-returning ways, it has a very important significance for the sustained and rapid development of agriculture.