The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage

Authors:	Hervé Jactel Bruce C. Nicoll Manuela Branco José Ramon Gonzalez-Olabarria Wojciech Grodzki Bo Långström Francisco Moreira Sigrid Netherer Christophe Orazio Dominique Piou Helena Santos Mart Jan Schelhaas Karl Tojic Floor Vodde

Affiliation:	1. Biodiversity, Genes and Communities, Laboratory of Forest Entomology and Biodiversity, INRA, UMR 1202, 33610, Cestas, France 2. Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, UK EH25 9SY, UK 3. Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal 4. Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, Pujada del Seminari s/n, 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain 5. European Forest Institute, Mediterranean Regional Office - EFIMED, Spain 6. Department of Forest Management in Mountain Regions, Forest Research Institute, ul. Fredry 39, 30-605, Kraków, Poland 7. Department of Ecology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden 8. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Prof. Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal 9. Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology, and Forest Protection, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Hasenauerstrasse 38, 1190, Vienna, Austria 10. FCBA, Domaine de Sivaillan Les Lamberts, 33480, Moulis en Médoc, France 11. IEFC, 69, route d’Arcachon, 33612, Cestas, France 12. Département de la Santé des Forêts, Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche, Impasse R. Lavigne, 33150, Cenon, France 13. Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Alterra, Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands 14. Institute for Forest Growth, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

Abstract:	? This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire. ? The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences. ? Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development. ? The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks.

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