豫南山区典型森林类型径流变化规律研究

采用连续定位观测的研究方法和小集水区技术,对豫南低山区针阔叶混交林等4种林型径流变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,落叶阔叶林、针阔叶混交林、毛竹林以及杉木林等4种林型均具有较强的涵养水源和保育土壤功能,坡面径流系数在1.06%～3.20%之间,土壤侵蚀强度均为微度侵蚀。坡面径流总量,落叶阔叶林〈针阔叶混交林〈杉木林〈毛竹林;水土流失量,针阔叶混交林〉落叶阔叶林〉毛竹林〉杉木林。4种林型坡面径流量与1次降雨量均存在显著的幂函数曲线回归关系,曲线回归相关系数分别达到0.886、0.919、0.913、0.868。针阔叶混交林小集水区年总径流量为547.19 mm,径流系数为34.8%,其中地下径流为498.39 mm,坡面径流仅为48.80 mm;月径流总量与降水量、蒸发量均存在显著的回归关系,可分别用幂函数和指数函数曲线式表示,曲线回归相关系数分别达到0.969、0.758。

Study on Variation of Runoff of Typical Forestland in Southern Mountain of Henan Province

Author has studied on variation of runoff of needle broad-leave forest in southern mountain of Henan province with continuing site-specific long-term observation and watershed experiment technique.Result indicates four forest type have stronger soil and water conservation function,includes deciduous broad-leaved forest,needle-broad-leave forest,Cuninghamia lanceolata,Phyllostachys pubescens.The grade surface runoff coefficients is at 1.06% ～3.20%.The soil erosion strength is all tiny.The grade surface total runoff is :deciduous broad-leave forest > needle-broad-leave forest > Cuninghamia lanceolata > Phyllostachys pubescens.soil erosion is: needle-broad-leave forest < deciduous broad-leave forest < Phyllostachys pubescens < Cuninghamia lanceolata.Grade surface runoff of the four forest type exists notable power regression relation with the daily precipitation.The correlation coefficients of curve regression reached respectively 0.886,0.919,0.913 and 0.868.The total runoff of the needle-broad-leave forest is 547.19 mm,the runoff coefficient is 34.8%,including the groundwater is 498.39 mm and the grade surface runoff is only 48.80 mm in watershed experiment area.The monthly total runoff existed notable regression relation in precipitation and evaporation,adopt power function and exponential function respectively.The correlation coefficients reached respectively 0.969 and 0.758.