挥发性氯代烃在土壤中的吸附行为研究进展

挥发性氯代烃(Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons,VCHs)是工业污染场地的常见污染物,在非饱和带存在于土壤气相、水相、固相或以高密度非水相液体(Dense non-aqueous phase liquids,DNAPL)的形式存在,形成一个动态平衡系统。土壤对VCHs的吸附不仅影响土壤中的污染物浓度,而且极大地影响VCHs的迁移转化行为。根据VCHs在土壤中的吸附机制,可以对土壤中的VCHs浓度进行预测,优化各种模型参数,指导污染修复及管理工作。本文总结了VCHs在非饱和带土壤中的相间分配特征,吸附机制及其影响因素,特别探讨了土壤有机碳、矿物及水分对吸附的影响,提出了当前研究中存在的问题,并对将来研究进行了展望。

A review of studies on sorption behaviors of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons in natural soil

Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHs) are common pollutants in industrial polluted sites, existing in aqueous phase, gaseous phase, solid phase or the form of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL), in unsaturated zones of the soil, forming a dynamic equilibrium system. The sorption of VCHs by the soil not only influences concentration of the pollutants in the soil, but also affects substantially migration and fate of VCHs. Understanding the mechanisms of VCHs sorption by the soil may help predict their concentrations in the soil, optimize the parameters of pertinent models, and guide remediation and management of the contaminated soil. A review is presented to summarize characteristics of the distribution of VCHs between these phases in soils of unsaturated zones, their sorption mechanisms as well as their affecting factors, and to elaborate in particular influences of soil organic carbon, minerals, and soil water on their sorption. Meanwhile, existent problems are pointed out in the current researches and an outlook is described of the future researches.