10%精喹禾灵乳油对甘草田杂草防除效果及安全性

为研究豆科作物除草剂精喹禾灵对人工栽培的甘草田主要杂草的防除效果以及对甘草的安全性,在调查田间杂草种类及基数的基础上,对三年生甘草种植田进行了不同剂量10%精喹禾灵EC喷施处理。结果表明,甘草田间杂草共62种,隶属于19科43属。相对多度在30%以上的优势杂草有2种,相对多度在10%～30%内的优势杂草有8种,其中菊科杂草苣荬菜对甘草植株的危害最为严重,其相对多度达35.95%,田间频率为97%,田间密度为11.85%。禾本科杂草在危害严重的杂草中所占种类最多。施用10%精喹禾灵EC有效剂量75.0 g/hm~2时,对田间禾本科杂草的总体防效最佳,但甘草植株有药害产生,出现叶卷曲及叶片烧伤现象,甘草生长期延长。综合试验结果,推荐10%精喹禾灵EC施用量为65.0～70.0 g/hm~2,在该范围内除草效果最佳且对甘草安全。

Weed control and safety of quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC for licorice farmland

To clarify control effect of quizalofop-P-ethyl on main weeds in artificial cultivated licorice field and its safety on licorice, the species and amounts of weeds were investigated and treatments with quizalofop-P-ethyl at different spraying dosage were carried out in triennial licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) field. The results showed that there are 19 families, 43 genera and 62 species of weeds in licorice field, and there are two dominant weeds with relative abundance above 30%, eight dominant weeds with relative abundance ranging from 10% to 30%. Sonchus arvensis, a weed of Compositae, caused the most serious damage to licorice, with the relative abundance up to 35.95%, frequency up to 97%, and density of 11.85%. Gramineous weeds account for the largest proportion of the most harmful weeds. At the dosage of 75.0 g/hm2, quizalofop-P-ethyl had the best control effect on weeds in the field, however, it had phytotoxicity to licorice, with curled and burnt leaf and prolonged growth period. When the dosage of was ranging from 65.0 g/hm2 to 70.0 g/hm2, quizalofop-P-ethyl had the best weeding effect and was safe to licorice.