山东棕壤耕地地力评价及其特征分析

本研究基于山东省测土配方施肥相关数据资料,运用层次分析和综合指数法对山东棕壤耕地地力进行了综合评价,并进一步分析了不同等级耕地的属性、利用方式、养分和限制因素等特征。结果表明：山东棕壤耕地高、中、低等级地面积分别为42.96万、52.53万hm²和32.66万hm²,分别占棕壤耕地总面积的33.52%、41.00%和25.48%,其中高等级地主要分布于鲁中南山地区的西侧和东侧外缘以及东部丘陵区西南、东北侧,中等级地主要分布于鲁东西部、中东部和鲁中南东部、东北部部分地区,低等级地主要分布于鲁东和鲁中南地区中部;各等级耕地土壤属性差异明显。从利用情况看,水浇地主要分布于一、二、三级高等级地,旱地地力等级分布较为宽泛,从三级到八级,灌溉水田则集中分布于五级地和四级地。棕壤区耕地土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾含量均低于全省平均水平,而有效磷含量高于全省平均,pH值则显著低于全省平均水平。高等级地耕地地力主要受土壤钾含量限制,中等级地除土壤速效钾偏低外,还受耕层质地偏砂影响,低等级地则存在土壤物理性状、土壤养分含量、灌溉能力等诸多限制。该研究较好理清了山东棕壤耕地地力状况及特征,对棕壤耕地资源持续利用有积极意义。

Fertility evaluation and characteristics analysis of brown soil cultivated land in Shandong Province

Using the data of soil testing and formulated fertilization in Shandong Province, the comprehensive evaluation of brown soil cultivated land fertility in Shandong Province was carried out by adopting AHP and integrated index method. The characteristics of property, utilization type, nutrients and restrictive factors in different fertility grades of brown soil cultivated land were further analyzed. The results showed that the area of high grade brown soil cultivated land was 42.96 ten thousand hectares, accounting for 33.52% of the total area of brown soil cultivated land, which mainly distributed in the west and eastern outer edge of Shandong Central-south Mountainous District(SCMD), and the southwest and northeast side of Shandong Eastern Hilly District(SEHD). The area of middle grade brown soil cultivated land was 52.53 ten thousand hectares, accounting for 41.00% of the total cultivated land area, which mainly distributed in the west and middle eastern parts of SEHD, and eastern and northeastern parts of SCMD. The area of low grade brown soil cultivated land was 32.66 ten thousand hectares, accounting for 25.48% of the total cultivated land, which mainly distributed in the middle of SEHD and SCMD. The soil properties of each grade were distinctly different. According to the utilization types, the irrigated land mainly distributed in high grades of the first to third grades, while the dry land fertility grade was comparatively broad from the third to eighth. The paddy field was mainly distributed in the fifth and fourth grades. The soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium contents in the brown soil cultivated land were lower than the average level of Shandong Province, while the content of available phosphorus was higher than that of the provincial average. The pH value was significantly lower than the average of whole province. The land productivity of the high grade cultivated land was mainly restricted by the potassium content, and the middle grade was also affected by the sandy texture of the topsoil layer besides the low potassium content. The low grade land had various limitations in soil physical properties, soil nutrient contents and irrigation capacity. This study clearly clarified the status and characteristics of the brown soil cultivated land in Shandong Province, and had positive significance to the sustainable utilization of brown soil cultivated land resources.