石灰和绿肥对不同种植制度植烟酸性土壤改良效果

为寻求酸性植烟土壤可持续改良方法,采用大田试验研究了石灰、石灰+绿肥在烤烟连作、烤烟与玉米轮作方式上对酸性植烟土壤物理特性、主要养分和酸度特征指标的影响,并分析了土壤pH与土壤理化指标的相关性。结果表明:在烤烟连作方式下,施用石灰并结合种植绿肥还田改良酸性土壤比单施石灰效果好,能使土壤容重、水解性酸、交换性酸、交换性氢和交换性铝分别降低11.97%,25.00%,18.46%,21.74%和16.67%,土壤孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、pH、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度和土壤缓冲容量分别提高42.26%,57.02%,11.86%,16.39%,50.65%,5.97%,8.05%,13.17%和81.90%。施用石灰并结合种植绿肥对烤烟与玉米轮作方式的酸性土壤修复效果较烤烟连作更好,土壤容重、水解性酸、交换性酸、交换性氢和交换性铝可分别降低4.00%,20.51%,27.92%,10.00%和37.14%,土壤孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、pH、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度和土壤缓冲容量可分别提高9.17%,13.97%,7.22%,12.06%,5.08%,5.15%,35.27%,15.44%和28.05%。石灰+绿肥协同改良酸性土壤的效果比单施石灰好,烤烟与玉米轮作较烤烟连作更有利于酸化土壤的修复。研究结果为采用石灰和种植绿肥还田改良酸性土壤提供了理论依据和实践指导。

Effects of Application of Lime and Green Manure on Acid Soil Improvement in Different Cropping Systems

In order to find a sustainable improvement method for acid tobacco-planting soil, afield experiment was conducted to study the effects of lime, lime combined with green manure on the physical properties, nutrients and acidity indexes of acid tobacco-planting soil in flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping and flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation systems. The correlation between soil pH and soil physical and chemical indicators was analyzed. The results were as follows:Under the flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping pattern, combined application of lime with green manure reduced soil bulk density, hydrolyzed acid, exchangeable acid, exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum by 11.97%, 25.00%, 18.46%, 21.74% and 16.67% respectively, and increased soil porosity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, available K, pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, soil buffer capacity by 42.26%, 57.02%, 11.86%, 16.39%, 50.65%, 5.97%, 8.05%, 13.17% and 81.90% respectively compared to lime application alone. Under combined application, flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation reduced soil bulk density, hydrolyzable acid, exchangeable acid, exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum by 4.00%, 20.51%, 27.92%, 10.00% and 37.14% respectively, increased soil porosity, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P, available K, pH, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and soil buffer capacity by 9.17%, 13.97%, 7.22%, 12.06%, 5.08%, 5.15%, 35.27%, 15.44%, and 28.05%, respectively compared to flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping. The effects of combined application on the improvement of acid soil were better than those of single application of lime. The flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation system was more conducive to the improvement of acidified soil. The results of this experiment provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the use of lime and planting green manure to improve the acid soil.