能源微藻油脂积累及油脂含量检测技术研究进展

对于生物质能源的原料,人们的目光逐渐从陈化粮、木质素、动物油脂等转向微型藻类,因其具有可养殖、可再生、生长周期短、分布广泛、可进行光合作用、环境适应能力强、产量高等突出特点,吸引了国内外众多科研和产业人员的目光。通过综合现有的微藻油脂生产的相关报道,从当前研究报道的产油微藻的种类、影响油脂积累的营养和环境因素的分析,结合油脂含量检测的方法对微藻油脂含量进行评估,对比得出布朗葡萄藻藻和部分链带藻的产脂能力更具优势,其油脂含量能达到细胞干重的60%以上,另外,通过优化培养条件、基因手段干预等措施可以获得高产油脂的微藻,其产油能力要比野生株提高20%以上,并综合阐述了国内外微藻产油的研究进展,为后续的研究计划和产业化提供参考。

Research progress of lipid accumulation and detection techniques of energy microalgae

Regarding the raw sources of bio-oil, microalgae has drawn plenty of attention as an alternative to antiquated grain, lignin and animal fat. It features growing widely through photosynthesis with short growth cycle, renewable, environment adaptive and productive. Here we sum up microalgae-oil related research progress in perspectives of species for oil producing microalgae, including the types of oil-producing microalgae, nutrient factors and environmental factors affecting oil accumulation. Combined with the method of oil content detection, the lipid content of microalgae was evaluated. It was concluded that most of the Botryococcus braunii and some Desmodesmus sp. had better lipid-producing ability, and the lipid content could reach more than 60% of the dry weight of the cells. In addition, we can obtain high-yield oil microalgae which oil production capacity is more than 20% higher than the wild strain by optimizing the culture conditions, genetic means intervention and other measures. The work could provide a summarized knowledge for subsequent research on production of microalgae oil.