磴口县地下水空间异质性分析及其对景观格局变化的响应

应用地统计学和地理信息系统方法,分析内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市磴口县地下水埋深对景观格局演变的响应。首先,通过半变异函数模型分析了磴口县地下水埋深的空间异质性特征,进而利用克里金插值对研究区2008、2016年的地下水埋深空间分布进行了拟合;其次,基于磴口县2008年与2016年的景观格局分布数据,研究了其景观格局演变特点;最后利用GIS叠加分析手段,将地下水埋深变化与景观格局演变数据进行耦合,分析了地下水埋深对景观格局演变的响应机制。研究结果如下：①空间上,磴口县地下水埋深大体遵循由东北向西南逐渐加深的趋势,研究时段内其空间异质性呈上升趋势,空间异质性中的随机扰动增强。②县域主要景观类型为林地,其次为沙地、裸地与水体,研究时段内建筑用地与水体增加明显,耕地与沙地略有减少。③景观格局演变对地下水埋深有较明显的影响,建筑用地的扩张使其加深,地表灌溉系统的不断完善使其上升。总体来看,磴口县地下水资源利用效率有较明显的提高。

Spatial Heterogeneity of Groundwater and Its Response to Landscape Pattern Evolution in Dengkou County

The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) were used to analyze the corresponding changes of groundwater depth to landscape pattern evolution in Dengkou County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia. Firstly, the spatial heterogeneity of groundwater depth was analyzed by the semiofficial model in Dengkou County, and the spatial distribution of groundwater depth of the research area in 2008 and 2016 was simulated by using Kriging interpolation. Secondly, characteristics of the landscape pattern evolution of Dengkou County in 2008 and 2016 were studied. At last, the variation of groundwater depth and landscape pattern evolution data was coupled by GIS overlay analysis, and the response mechanism of groundwater depth to landscape pattern evolution was analyzed. The results were as follows: The groundwater depth of Dengkou County, in general, followed the trend of increasing from northeast to southwest, both the spatial heterogeneity and the random disturbance in the spatial heterogeneity were increased during the study period. The main landscape types of the county were forest land, followed by sandy land, bare land and water, the construction land and waters were increased obviously while arable land and sand land were decreased slightly during the study period. The evolution of landscape patterns had an obvious effect on the groundwater depth, construction land expansion deepened it, and the continuous improvement of the surface irrigation system made it rise. In general, the utilization efficiency of groundwater resources was obviously improved in Dengkou County. The study was of significance for the rational utilization of groundwater resources and the optimization of landscape pattern.