保水剂与氮磷肥配施对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响

以夏玉米为研究对象,采用避雨桶栽试验方法精确控制水肥条件,研究保水剂(SAP)与5种氮磷肥配比(N∶P分别为1∶4,2∶3,1∶1,3∶2,4∶1)模式对土壤肥力水平、玉米植株生长及其养分吸收利用的效应。结果表明,保水剂与氮磷肥均衡施用(N∶P为1∶1)能够促进玉米植株的生长及对养分的吸收利用,生育期内平均株高、叶面积较其他处理分别提高了3.36%～7.19%,5.36%～29.26%;干物质积累与植株氮、磷累积量较其他处理分别提高了13.79%～27.61%,15.91%～32.47%,18.66%～33.75%;同时与未施保水剂处理相比,生育期内土壤平均无机氮含量减少5.42%,有效磷含量提高3.55%;在本试验条件下,施用SAP 1.68g/pot、N 2.89g/pot、P 2.89g/pot可得到最大玉米产量113.93g/pot,收获时产量较其他处理提高了18.69%～30.94%。试验结果为华北地区应用保水剂条件下的夏玉米氮磷肥施用配比提供了参考。

Effects of SAP Combined Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Maize Growth and the Nutrient Uptake

Excessive application of fertilizers is one of the major problems that hinder the sustainable development of dryland agriculture. Summer maize was taken as the object in the paper, and the rain-proof barrel experiment was conducted to accurately control the water and fertilizer supply, then the effects of super aborbent polymer(SAP) and five kinds ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (1:4, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 4:1) on soil fertility, plant growth, nutrient uptake and utilization of maize were studied. The results showed that the balanced application of SAP with N and P could promote plant growth and the absorption and utilization of nutrients. The average plant height and the leaf area increased by 3.36%~7.19% and 5.36%~29.26%, respectively. Compared with other treatments, the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation increased by 13.79%~27.61%, 15.91%~32.47%, 18.66%~33.75%, respectively. Compared with no SAP treatment, the soil inorganic nitrogen content decreased by 5.42%, and the available phosphorus content increased by 3.55%.Under the conditions of this experiment, the maximum yield of 113.93 g/pot was obtained by applying SAP 1.68 g/pot, N 2.89 g/pot, P 2.89 g/pot, and the yield at harvest increased by 18.69%~30.94%.The results provide a reference for the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for summer maize under the condition of applying SAP in North China.