设施固定管道式二相流常温烟雾系统雾滴沉积试验

针对缺乏设施专用高效施药机具，现有机具雾化性能差，农药有效利用率低，人员受毒害严重等问题，设计了设施固定管道式二相流常温烟雾系统，并结合推车式常温烟雾机，进行了喷雾性能对比试验，同时以结果期苏椒5号为试验对象，研究了作物冠层对二相流烟雾系统雾滴沉积分布的影响。试验设置二相流烟雾系统的工作气压为0.3MPa，液压为0.05MPa，施药流量为2L/min；常温烟雾机放置在温室中间位置距离前方采集区域2m处，风筒与水平地面呈15°倾角，向正前方喷雾，施药流量为1.5L/min，总施药时间为5min。结果表明，二相流烟雾系统每个采集区域的沉积量最大值均出现在喷头喷射方向前方约1m处（采样点4或5，与喷头喷射方向有关），CV1稳定在25%~35%之间，反映出横向各采样点雾滴沉积量的差异和分布规律的一致性；常温烟雾机雾滴沉积量在前、中、后各区域内的变异系数分别为70%、29%和0，导致前方（7~9m）各采样点雾滴沉积量变异系数高达70%的原因是雾滴集中沉积在烟雾机前方的固定区域（采样点3~6），而在两侧的沉积量过低，后方（41~43m）沉积量变异系数为0，是因为烟雾机风送距离有限导致后方各采样点无雾滴沉积。从沉积量的区间分布特性看，与常温烟雾机相比，二相流烟雾系统各采集区域雾滴沉积量的变异系数仅为13%。以上结果说明，二相流烟雾系统能够实现整个棚室的无人施药作业，且雾滴沉积分布均匀性较好；棚室内作物的存在有利于雾滴在周围叶片上聚集，雾滴沉积量在竖直高度和不同区域的分布无显著差异，变异系数不大于13%。综上所述，二相流烟雾系统工作性能稳定，雾滴分布均匀，可明显提升对病虫害的防治效果，能够实现人药分离作业。

Droplet Distribution and Deposition of Fixed Pipes Cold Fogging System in Greenhouse

Sprayers used in greenhouse have poor atomization performance with low efficiency of pesticides and workers were poisoned badly, as a result, a fixed pipes cold fogging system was designed. In order to evaluate the performance of the fogging system, a comparison test between the system and trolley sprayer was carried out, meanwhile, peppers in fruiting period were chosen to explore the influence of crop canopy on droplet distribution of fogging system. In the test, the air pressure of fogging system was 0.3MPa, the hydraulic pressure was 0.05MPa, and the application rate was 2L/min. The trolley sprayer was placed at a distance of 2m from the front collection area, in the middle of the greenhouse, and the air cylinder and the horizontal ground had an angle of 15°, spraying forward, the application rate was 1.5L/min. The total application time was 5min. The results showed that different from the trolley sprayer, the droplet deposition coefficient of variation of fogging system among different collection areas was only 13%, indicating that the fogging system can achieve unmanned pesticide application throughout the greenhouse with good uniformity of droplet distribution;the presence of peppers in the greenhouse was conducive to droplets gather on surrounding leaves, droplet deposition in the vertical height in different regions had no significant difference, with coefficient of variation no more than 13%. In summary, the fogging system had stable working performance and uniform droplet distribution, obviously improving the control efficiency of pests and diseases, realizing the separation work between human and the fogging system, having wide prospect in application.