几种生物制剂对小麦根腐病菌的毒力

为探索生物制剂对小麦根腐病的防控效果，采用菌丝生长法测定了6种生物制剂对禾谷镰刀菌、刺腐霉菌和小麦离蠕孢菌的毒力。结果表明，申嗪霉素、乙蒜素和春雷霉素具有良好的抑菌效果，其中申嗪霉素的毒力最强，对禾谷镰刀菌、刺腐霉菌和小麦离蠕孢菌的EC₅₀值分别为0.350 2 mg·L^-1、0.864 5 mg·L^-1和0.134 1 mg·L^-1，乙蒜素对刺腐霉菌和小麦离蠕孢菌的EC₅₀值分别为2.957 3 mg·L^-1和2.342 7 mg·L^-1，春雷霉素对刺腐霉菌和禾谷镰刀菌的EC₅₀值分别为0.864 5 mg·L^-1和5.090 9 mg·L^-1。室内盆栽试验表明，申嗪霉素和乙蒜素对禾谷镰刀菌的防治效果显著优于春雷霉素，防治效果分别为75.73%和74.68%；乙蒜素对刺腐霉菌的防治效果最好，防效为86.28%；申嗪霉素和乙蒜素对离蠕孢菌的防效分别为87.68%和83.25%。综上所述，申嗪霉素和乙蒜素能有效抑制禾谷镰刀菌、刺腐霉菌和小麦离蠕孢菌三种病原菌的生长，对小麦根腐病防治具有很大应用潜力。

Toxicity of Several Biological Agents to Wheat Root Rot

To provide a method for biological and chemical synergistic control of wheat root rot, the toxicity of six biological agents to Fusarium graminearum, Pythium spinosum and Bipolaris sorokiniana was determined by the method of mycelia growth. The results showed that phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, ethylicin and kasugamycin had good inhibition effect on the mycelia growth, of which phenazine-1-carboxylic acid against Fusarium graminearum, Pythium spinosum and Bipolaris sorokiniana was the best, with the median inhibitory concentration being 0.350 2 mg·L^-1, 0.864 5 mg·L^-1 and 0.134 1 mg·L^-1, respectively. The median inhibitory concentration of ethylicin against Pythium spinosum and Bipolaris sorokiniana was 2.957 3 mg·L^-1 and 2.342 7 mg·L^-1, respectively. The median inhibitory concentration of kasugamycin against Pythium spinosum and Fusarium graminearum was 0.864 5 mg·L^-1 and 5.090 9 mg·L^-1,respectively. In field control, the results showed that the effect of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and ethylicin on the control of Fusarium graminearum was significantly better than that of kasugamycin, and the control effects were 75.73% and 74.68%,respectively; the effect of ethylicin on the control of Pythium spinosum was best, and the control effect was 86.28%; the effect of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and ethylicin on the control of Bipolaris sorokiniana were 87.68% and 83.25%,respectively. In summary, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and ethylicin can effectively inhibit the growth of Fusarium graminearum, Pythium spinosum and Bipolaris sorokiniana, which had great application potential in controlling wheat root rot.