F型小麦雄性不育系恢复性研究

F型小麦雄性不育系（FA）是我国近年来发现的新型普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系，该不育系通过小麦品种间近缘杂交获得，具有良好的不育性和恢复性。为了解FA的生态适应性，本研究通过FA与116份恢复性材料进行组合配制，在北京和河南南阳两个试验区进行种植，筛选高恢复性材料和强优势组合。研究发现，FA的花粉粒在两地都表现为瘦小、空瘪，花药成熟后不能完全开裂，主要通过开颖授粉，且在南阳种植的植株花粉碘染率低于北京。通过对FA杂交组合结实率的分析，在北京和南阳分别筛选出结实率大于90%的高恢复性组合72个和25个，分别占比62.07%和21.55%；进一步筛选出北京和南阳两地结实率均大于90%的高恢复性组合22个，占比18.97%，说明FA具有较好的恢复性。比较FA和杂交组合F₁代在北京及南阳两地的结实率，发现在南阳结实率小于5%的低恢复性杂交组合12个，且这些组合在北京的结实率显著高于南阳，推测FA及部分FA的杂交组合具有一定的光温敏特性。将FA与小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366具有相同父本的20个组合进行比较，发现FA与BS366的恢复源存在差异，其育性恢复机制存在一定差异。

Study on Restoration of F-type Wheat Male Sterile Line

F-type wheat male sterile line(FA) is a new male sterile line,which was developed in recent years in China. The male sterile line with good sterility and restoring characteristics was obtained by crossing with relative species. To investigate ecological adaptability of FA,the cross combinations of FA and 116 restorer materials and their parents were cultivated in different fertility environment(Beijing and Nanyang-Henan),respectively,to select high restoring degree materials and superiority combinations. The results showed that the microspores of FA were irregular in shape,hollow and wrinkled and could not be released because of anthers incompletely cracking after maturation. It was also found that the pollen iodine stain ratio in Nanyang was lower than that in Beijing. By analysis of seed setting rate in cross combinations of FA,a total of 72 and 25 high restoring degree materials(seed setting rate > 90%) were selected,accounting for 62.07% and 21.55%,in Beijing and Nanyang respectively. Then a total of 22(accounting for 18.97%) high restoring degree materials,with seed setting rate > 90% were screened out in both Beijing and Nanyang,indicating that FA has good fertility restoration. In addition,comparing with seed setting rate of FA and cross combinations between Beijing and Nanyang,12 cross combinations had low fertility restoration(seed setting rate < 5%) in Nanyang but higher seed setting rate in Beijing,suggesting that FA and some FA cross combinations exhibited some thermo-photoperiod sensitivity characteristics. Then,the cross combinations between FA,photo-thermosensitive genic male sterile(PTGMS) line BS366 and 20 restoring materials were designed to study the thermo-photoperiod sensitivity characteristics of FA. It was found that there were differences of restoration source between FA and BS366.