长江沿岸芜湖区段景观格局演变及生态系统服务价值分析

以芜湖区段1995-2016年遥感影像为数据源，运用景观指数、动态度模型、景观转移矩阵和生态系统服务价值（ESV）评价模型等方法研究其景观格局和ESV动态变化，定量分析景观格局演变特征及其对ESV的影响，以期为芜湖区段景观格局优化和长江沿岸生态环境保护提供一定依据。结果表明:1）20多a间，研究区景观破碎度和异质性增强，趋于均匀分布。2）耕地和林地面积显著减少，耕地斑块数增多，趋于破碎化；建设用地面积不断增加，最大斑块指数和斑块结合度指数呈增加趋势，趋于集中连片分布；湿地面积先减少后增加，优势度和连通性趋于减弱。3）耕地、林地和建设用地的动态度较明显，耕地减少部分主要流向建设用地，达48 414 hm²，占耕地变化量的55.53%。4）研究期内总ESV呈持续下降趋势，减少了10.87%，生态功能衰减。生态服务功能主要为废物处理、水源涵养、气候调节、土壤保持和生物多样性保护。耕地对维持芜湖区段ESV起比较稳定的作用，而林地和湿地起主导作用。研究认为，必须重视对林地和湿地的保护，加强对自然山体林地的保护与修复和以长江为主的湿地生态保护，对提高芜湖区段生态系统服务功能和保护长江生态环境起着重要作用。

Landscape Pattern Changes and Ecological Service Values in Wuhu Section Along the Yangtze River

The objectives of this study were to quantitatively analyze the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of landscape pattern and its influence on ecological service value (ESV) in Wuhu section along the Yangtze River,and to provide some bases for landscape pattern optimization of Wuhu section and the ecological environment protection along the Yangtze River in the future.Taking remote sensing images of Wuhu section from 1995 to 2016 as data sources,the dynamic changes of landscape pattern and ESV were studied by means of landscape index,dynamic degree model,landscape transfer matrix and ESV evaluation model.The results showed that:1) over the past 20 years,the degree of landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity increased,and the landscape showed a uniform trend.2) The area of cultivated land and forestland significantly reduced.The number of patches (NP) of cultivated land increased with a fragmentation trend; the area of construction land was increasing,in which the largest patch index (LPI) and patch cohesion index (COHESION) increased,and it tended to be a continuously concentrated distribution.The area of wetlands decreased firstly and then increased,and its dominance and connectivity tended to weaken.3) The dynamic degree of cultivated land,forest land and construction land were relatively obvious; the decrease of cultivated land mainly flowed to construction land,reaching 48 414 hm²,accounting for 55.53% of the change of cultivated land.4) Within the study period,the total ESV showed a continuous decline trend,with a decrease of 10.87%,and the ecological function in the study area declined.The main ESFs were waste decomposition,conservation of water sources,climate regulation,soil conservation and biodiversity protection.Cultivated land played a relative stablization role in maintaining ESV in Wuhu section,while forestland and wetland played a leading role.According to the research,it was necessary to pay attention to the protection of forestland and wetland,to strengthen the protection and restoration of natural mountainous forestland and the wetland ecological protection mainly based on the Yangtze River,which played an important role in improving the ecosystem service function of Wuhu section and protecting the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.