中国农业化肥投入现状与地区差异性分析

分别从农业化肥投入总量、强度、结构及其粮食增产效应等方面对中国化肥投入现状及存在的问题进行全面分析,并详尽阐述了中国化肥投入的时空差异特征。研究发现,高强度的化肥投入对粮食增产的作用已变得不显著,表明我国化肥投入已过量,单纯靠增加化肥投入以实现粮食增产只能带来农业经营成本增加并加大环境风险;化肥投入结构仍不合理,化肥利用效率偏低;与经济发展的区域格局一样,我国单位耕地面积的化肥投入强度也呈现出东、中、西逐级递减的特点,同时,几乎所有省区的化肥投入强度已超过225 kg/hm2的施肥上限,东部沿海部分地区更是超过了500 kg/hm2。

Analysis on Present Situation and Regional Disparity of Agricultural Chemical Fertilizer Input in China

This paper comprehensively analyzed the present situation and existing problems of agricultural chemical fertilizer input in China from the aspects of input quantum, intensity, structure and yield -increasing effect, and expounded the spatio -temporal disparity characters of agrochemical input in China. The results showed that the effects of highly intensive chemical fertilizer application on increasing the yield have become not significant, it indicated that the chemical fertilizer input in our country was excessive, and the pattern of singly increasing chemical fertilizer input would merely increase the cost of agricultural operation and the environmental risk. The structure of chemical fertilizer input was unreasonable and the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer was low. The input intensity of chemical fertilizer expressed a diminishing characteristic from east to middle to west, which was identical with the pattern of economic development. Meanwhile, the input intensity of chemical fertilizer in almost all provinces and cities exceeded the upper limit of 225 kg/hm2, and that in the eastern coastal areas even exceeded 500 kg/hm2.