小麦及其近缘种间杂交的不亲和性及其F1籽粒性状研究

采用人工去雄和授粉的方法研究了普通小麦、硬粒小麦、小黑麦、黑麦间不同杂交组合的结实率及其F1籽粒的形态差异。结果表明:不同亲本间杂交的不亲和性表现在授粉、受精及合子或种子发育的不同阶段,从而导致受精困难或杂种胚过早败育,或形成正常的杂交种子,但籽粒变小,表现为远缘杂交结实率的高低及籽粒形态差别很大。并讨论了远缘杂交的重要性和复杂性,提出了远缘杂交不亲和性分子机理的研究方法。

Interspecific Cross-incompatibility between Triticum aestivum and Its Related Species and Their F1 Kernel Characters

Study on the seed setting and kernel characters of F_1 derived from the crosses between Triticum aestivum and its related species such as Triticum durum,Triticale and Secale cereale was carried out by the means of artificial emasculation and pollination.The result showed that the cross-incompatibility between different parents occurred at different stages such as pollination,fertilizing,zygotes and seed development,resulting in fertilizing obstacle,or hybrid abortion at early stage,or forming small seeds in size.The seed setting,kernel shape and size of the hybrids differed significantly.The importance and complexity of distant hybridization were discussed and a method investigating the molecular mechanism of distant cros-incompatibility was presented.