节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质影响的荟萃分析

【目的】 与持续淹水灌溉相比,节水灌溉能够提高水分利用率。但是,节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究采用Meta分析以探明节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质影响的综合效应。【方法】 在本研究中,以持续淹水灌溉为对照,节水灌溉为处理,筛选出了34篇文献,建立了包含263对观测值的数据库。利用Meta分析方法,针对不同试验类型、节水灌溉类型、种植制度、水稻类型、节水灌溉时期、土壤全氮、土壤质地、氮肥施用量及施用次数,探究了节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响。【结果】 从总效应来看,与持续淹水灌溉相比,节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质均无显著影响。从不同的节水灌溉类型来看,与持续淹水灌溉相比,轻度节水灌溉显著提高了稻米糙米率（+0.9%）、精米率（+1.5%）和整精米率（+2.3%）,对水稻产量、垩白粒率、垩白度、长宽比、直链淀粉、胶稠度和蛋白质含量无显著影响;但是,重度节水灌溉显著降低了水稻产量（-22.1%）、糙米率（-2.7%）、精米率（-2.7%）和整精米率（-3.6%）,同时显著增加了稻米垩白粒率（+28.0%）和垩白度（+46.7%）,对稻米长宽比、直链淀粉、胶稠度和蛋白质含量影响不显著。此外,从不同的种植制度来看,与持续淹水灌溉相比,在我国双季晚稻区进行节水灌溉显著降低了稻米蛋白质含量（-9.8%）;而在双季早稻区、中稻区和单季稻区进行节水灌溉对稻米蛋白质含量影响不显著。【结论】 与持续淹水灌溉相比,轻度节水灌溉显著提高了稻米加工品质,对水稻产量、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质影响不显著;重度节水灌溉显著降低了水稻产量、加工品质和外观品质,对蒸煮食味品质和营养品质影响不显著。本研究结果为评估节水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响提供了数据支撑。

Effects of Water-Saving Irrigation on Grain Yield and Quality: A Meta-Analysis

【Objective】 Compared with continuous flooding, the water-saving irrigation can increase water use efficiency. However, the effects of water-saving irrigation on yield and quality in rice paddies have not been clearly defined. The objective of this study was to identify the systematic effects of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and quality through Meta-analysis techniques. 【Method】 In the present study, a total of 34 studies that adapted a water-saving treatment and continuous flooding as the control involving 263 paired observations were included across this dataset. The meta-analysis was conducted to identify the responses of yield and quality to water-saving irrigation as affected by experimental type, water-saving irrigation type, cropping system, rice type, the period of water-saving irrigation, soil total nitrogen (N), soil texture, N rate, and the number of N application. 【Result】 Overall, the water-saving irrigation did not significantly affect grain yield and quality relative to continuous flooding. In terms of water-saving irrigation type, the moderate water-saving irrigation increased brown rice rate (+0.9%), milled rice rate (+1.5%), and head milled rice rate (+2.3%), but did not affect grain yield, chalkiness percentage, chalkiness degree, length/width ratio, amylose content, gel consistency, and protein content relative to continuous flooding. However, the severe water-saving irrigation significantly decreased grain yield (-22.1%), brown rice rate (-2.7%), milled rice rate (-2.7%), and head milled rice rate (-3.6%), and increased chalkiness percentage (+28.0%) and chalkiness degree (+46.7%), while no marked differences were observed on length/width ratio, amylose content, gel consistency, and protein content. Furthermore, compared with continuous flooding, the water-saving irrigation reduced protein content (-9.8%) of late rice, but did not affect that of early rice, middle rice, and single rice. 【Conclusion】 Compared with continuous flooding, the moderate water-saving irrigation could improve rice milling quality, and did not affect grain yield, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, and nutrition quality. The severe water-saving irrigation significantly reduced rice yield, milling quality, and appearance quality, while no significant effects were found on cooking and eating quality and nutrition quality. The results provided an insight to evaluate the responses of grain yield and quality to water-saving irrigation.