机械化种植对木薯产量和土壤肥力的影响研究

为探讨机械化种植对木薯产量和土壤肥力的影响，以‘新选048’、‘华南5号’和‘华南205’3个已在生产上大面积推广应用的木薯品种为材料，分别采用机械化种植与人工种植2种不同种植方式，对木薯产量及土壤肥力状况进行研究。结果表明：与人工种植相比，机械化种植土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及木薯产量均明显增加，其中‘新选048’土壤速效N、P、K及有机质含量分别增加了7.23%、6.27%、16.76%、4.46%，‘华南5号’分别增加了11.09%、32.58%、21.80%、3.73%，‘华南205’分别增加了9.21%、14.28%、16.80%、5.21%；‘新选048’、‘华南5号’和‘华南205’3个木薯品种块根产量分别增加了14.02%、5.86%和16.70%。可见，机械化种植对改善土壤肥力，促进木薯生长发育，提高木薯产量起到积极的作用，应该在木薯生产中推广应用。在木薯机械生产种植上，‘新选048’和‘华南205’这2个木薯品种增产效果很明显，是值得广泛推广的品种。

Studies on the Effects of Mechanization Cultivation on the Root Tubers Yield of Cassava and the Fertility of Soil

This study investigated the effects of mechanization cultivation on the root tubers yield of cassava and the fertility of soil. The cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’, SC5 and SC205 which had been producted on the wide use of large area was used as materials, and the mechanization cultivation and artificial cultivation were compared in the studies. The root tubers yield of cassava and the fertility of soil were analyzed during the experiment. The results showed that, the contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and the yield of cassava with mechanization cultivation were significantly higher than those of artificial cultivation. The contents of soil available N, P, K and organic matter increased respectively by 7.23%, 6.27%, 16.76%, 4.46% in ‘Xinxuan 048’, increased respectively by 11.09%, 32.58%, 21.80%, 3.73% in SC5, and increased respectively by 9.21%, 14.28%, 16.80%, 5.21% in SC205. The cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’, SC5 and SC205 which the root tubers yield increased respectively by 14.02%, 5.86% and16.70%. This showed that the mechanization cultivation play a positive role in improving soil fertility, promoting cassava growth and increasing the yield of cassava, it should be applied extends in the planting of cassava. In addition, the cassava cultivar ‘Xinxuan 048’ and SC205 whose yield increased significantly in the mechanization cultivation, so they are worthy of spreading.