化学打顶对芝麻产量和品质的影响

为筛选可替代人工打顶的植物生长调节剂,于芝麻播种后60 d进行人工打顶和化学打顶处理,研究了不同植物生长调节剂对芝麻产量和品质的影响。结果表明:人工打顶处理比不打顶处理增产5.65%;多效唑(PP333)对芝麻无增产效果,不能替代人工打顶;喷施三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)、矮壮素(CCC)、丁酰肼(B9)处理芝麻每蒴粒数、每蒴粒质量和粒壳比显著升高,秕子率显著降低,可促进芝麻增产,且TIBA、B9处理芝麻空梢长显著缩短;人工打顶和化学打顶对芝麻籽粒中粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量以及脂肪酸构成均无显著影响;人工打顶和TIBA处理导致芝麻素含量显著降低;CCC对芝麻素和芝麻林素含量均无显著影响;6-BA处理提高了芝麻林素含量;B9处理芝麻素、芝麻林素含量分别升高14.29%、17.38%。综上,B9对芝麻产量和品质的作用效果最为显著(增产12.72%),最适宜芝麻化学打顶的推广。

Preliminary Effect of Chemical Detopping on Yield and Quality of Sesame( Sesamum indicum L. )

To seek the suitable plant hormone for artificial topping,artificial and chemical topping were conducted,and the effects 5 plant hormones on sesame yield and seed quality were analyzed at 60 d after planting. The results showed that artificial topping increased sesame yield by 5. 65% compared with the treatment without detopping. Paclobutrazol( PP333 ) had little effect on sesame yield,therefore it couldn' t replace artificial detopping. After the spraying of triiodobenzoic acid( TIBA) ,chlormequat chloride( CCC) or daminozide(B9),the blighted seed rate(BSR) significantly decreased,seeds per capsule(SPC),seeds weight per capsule ( SWPC ) and ratio of seed weight to shell weight per capsule ( RSS ) significantly increased,which could promote the improvement of the yield;in addition, the plant top length ( PTL ) significantly decreased under the treatment of TIBA and B9 . Both artificial and chemical detopping had no significant effect on crude protein,crude fat and fatty acid composition in sesame oil. Artificial detopping and TIBA significantly decreased sesamin content,CCC had no significant effect on sesamin and sesamolin content,while 6-BA increased sesamolin content,and B9 increased the contents of sesamin and sesamolin by 14. 29%, 17. 38% respectively. In a word, B9 could significantly increased both sesame yield (12. 72% higher than the treatment without detopping) and quality. Therefore,B9 was the most suitable plant hormone for chemical detopping.