土壤与白鬼笔重金属及农药残留污染评价

为了解贵州地区白鬼笔重金属及农药残留污染状况,对大方县白鬼笔种植基地白鬼笔及其种植土壤中Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Hg、As含量及六六六、滴滴涕残留量进行测定,并对其污染程度进行评价。结果表明,白鬼笔种植基地土壤重金属平均含量表现为CuCrZnPbAsCdHg,Pb、Cr、As、Zn含量均未超出贵州省土壤背景值和土壤环境质量二级标准极限值,其余重金属含量均不同程度超标;菌托、菌柄、菌盖中重金属平均含量均表现为ZnCuPbCrCdHgAs,其中Cd、As、Zn含量在菌托、菌柄、菌盖中均未超标,其他重金属在不同组织中发生不同程度超标。白鬼笔及土壤中均未检测出六六六、滴滴涕残留,未受农残污染。从单因子污染指数来看,白鬼笔种植基地土壤中仅Cd的单因子污染指数平均值为1.99,属轻微污染,其他重金属的单因子污染指数平均值均小于1,处于无污染水平;白鬼笔中7种重金属的平均单因子污染指数均小于1,说明其未受到这些重金属的污染。从综合污染指数来看,白鬼笔种植基地土壤受到了轻污染;白鬼笔菌托、菌柄处于非污染水平,菌盖处于轻污染水平。

Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residue in Soil and Phallus impudicus L.

In order to understand the pollution condition of heavy metal and pesticide residue in Phallus impudicus and soil,the contents of Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Hg and benzex,DDT in Phallus impudicus and its planting soil were measured in Dafang county,and the pollution degree was evaluated. The results showed that the order of average contents of heavy metals in the soil was Cu>Cr>Zn>Pb>As>Cd>Hg,Pb, Cr,As,Zn contents did not exceed the Guizhou provincial soil background values and second levels of soil environmental quality standard,and the rest exceeded the standard in different degree;average contents of heavy metals showed Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As in volva,stipe and pileus,Cd,As,Hg,Zn contents did not exceed the standard in bacteria,stipe and pileus,the other heavy metals in different tissues excee-ded the standard in different degree. The residues of benzex,DDT were not detected in Phallus impudicus and soil,indicating the soil and Phallus impudicus were not polluted. From the point of view of single fac-tor pollution index,only the single factor pollution index of Cd was 1. 99 in soil,the siol was at slight pol-lution level,the single factor pollution indexes of the other heavy metals were less than 1,the soil was at unpolluted level;the average single factor pollution indexes of 7 kinds of heavy metals were less than 1 in Phallus impudicus,indicating the Phallus impudicus was not contaminated by these heavy metals. From the comprehensive pollution index,the soil was at light pollution level;the volva and stip were at unpolluted level,and the pileus was at the level of light pollution.