矿区土地复垦景观格局变化和生态效应

为了揭示矿区土地复垦对项目区景观格局的影响及生态效应,应用GIS和景观生态学方法,以徐州市九里矿区土地复垦项目为例,分析了该区土地利用结构和景观格局变化。结合景观格局优化目标建立了相应的评价指标体系并利用层次分析法对各评价因子赋以权重,对矿区复垦的生态效应进行评价。结果表明,矿区土地复垦项目的实施对区域生态环境起到一定的改善作用,但部分评价因子呈现出正效应或负效应,如:平均斑块面积增加、生态服务价值增加、生态廊道的密度和面积增大使生物多样性提高等为正效应,但由于生态廊道的建设,宽度的增加和密度的增加,对景观斑块进行切割,降低了最大斑块面积,使斑块破碎度提高而对矿区生态系统造成负面影响。因此在土地复垦过程中应采取生物、工程、技术措施来进行生态补偿。

Evaluation of landscape pattern changes and ecological effects in land reclamation project of mining area

In order to research the effect of landscape pattern and ecological effects caused by land reclamation project in mining area,taking land reclamation project of Jiuli mining area in Xuzhou,China as an example,the land use structure and landscape pattern changes were analyzed based on GIS and method of landscape ecology.The ecological effects of mining area were evaluated with an indices system which was constructed with optimized landscape pattern and the weight was assigned for each index by AHP method.The results showed that the ecological environment of Jiuli mining area was improved as a result of the land reclamation project,while several indexes had both positive and negative effects on the ecosystem.The positive effects were indicated by the increased average patch area,ecosystem services value,density and area of corridor,biodiversity,etc.The negative effects to ecosystem in coal mining area were indicated by decreased fraction dimension and changes of original landscape.Conclusion demonstrated that ecological compensation should be carried out by measures as biological,engineering,technology during the land reclamation.