家鹅ND4基因多态性与遗传结构研究

四川白鹅、狮头鹅、豁眼鹅、伊犁鹅、朗德鹅和莱茵鹅是具有独特种质特性的家鹅品种.该试验利用直接测序法测定了具有独特种质特性,在鹅杂交育种中被广泛应用的四川白鹅等6个家鹅品种线粒体ND4基因的部分核苷酸序列(621 bp),共检测到了4种单倍型,4种单倍型的频率分别为0.467、0.033 3、0.467、0.033 3,单倍型多样性为0.582;各品种间的核苷酸分化系数(Nst)在0至1之间;6个家鹅各品种内核苷酸多样性(Pi)很低,各品种间的遗传距离(D)很小,遗传相似度高,而且同属于灰雁或鸿雁的家鹅品种之间的遗传相似度比分属于灰雁、鸿雁的家鹅品种之间的遗传相似度更高.另外,对这6个家鹅品种的遗传结构形成原因和杂交利用进行了初步分析.

Studies on ND4 Gene Polymorphism and Genetic Structure among Domestic Goose Breeds

Sichuan,Shitou,Huoyan,Yili,Landoise and Rhin gooses aredomestic goose breeds with unique quality characteristic.In the lab test,DNA sequences(621 bp) in Mitochondrial ND4 gene of the six domestic goose breeds were sequenced by the method of direct sequencing.Four haplotypes were found, with the diversity of 0.582.Frequencies of the four haplotypes were 0.467,0.033 3,0.467 and 0.033 3 respectively.The coefficient of nucleotide differentiation(Nst) among six goose breeds varied between 0 to 1.The nucleotide diversity in each breed of the six geese was very low.The genetic distance between breeds of the six geese was close and the genetic similarity was high.The genetic similarity between breeds that commonly belonged to Anser anser or Anser cygnoides was higher than that between breeds that respectively belonged to Anser anser or Anser cygnoides.The forming reason of the genetic structure and the hybrid utilization of the six goose breeds were also analyzed.