养分专家系统推荐施肥对潮土夏玉米产量及肥料效率的影响

为实现潮土区夏玉米科学施肥, 通过2年田间试验研究了玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥对夏玉米产量、收益、养分积累量及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明, 沙壤质潮土夏玉米施肥两年增产6.55%~39.32%和5.53%~21.19%, 玉米养分专家系统和Agro Services International Inc推荐施肥较农户习惯施肥分别增产4.06%和5.04%, 增收21.90%和27.44%。基于玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥的氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为11.46、25.89和9.93 kg kg^-1, 氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为41.13%、31.48%和50.35%, 化肥偏生产力平均为36.62 kg kg^-1。玉米养分专家系统推荐施肥提高了沙壤质潮土区夏玉米叶片叶绿素含量, 促进了氮磷钾的吸收利用, 增加了干物质积累量, 具有增产增收效应, 肥料利用效率较高, 可作为该地区夏玉米推荐施肥方法推广应用。

Effects of Nutrient Expert Recommend Fertilization on Yield and Fertilizer Efficiency of Summer Maize in Fluvo-Aquic Soil

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the largest grain crop, and plays an important role in ensuring the food security in China. However, there exist some problems in summer maize production such as excessive or unreasonable N, P₂O₅ and K₂O ratios, which hinders the realization of high-yield. In order to realize the scientific fertilization of summer maize in the fluvo-aquic soil region, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient expert recommend fertilization on yield, economic benefit, nutrient accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency of summer maize. The results showed that yield was increased by 6.55%–39.32% and 5.53%–21.19% in 2010 and 2011 respectively in the treatment of applying fertilizer. Compared with conventional fertilizer application, the nutrient expert and Agro Services International Inc recommend fertilization increased grain yield by 4.06% and 5.04%, and economic benefit by 21.90% and 27.44%. The agronomic efficiency of N, P₂O₅, and K₂O was 11.46, 25.89, and 9.93 kg kg^-1, and fertilizer use efficiency was 41.13%, 31.48%, and 50.35%, respectively, the partial factor productivity from applied fertilizer was 36.62 kg kg^-1, based on the nutrient expert recommend fertilization. Fertilizer application recommended by the nutrient expert increased the content of leaf chlorophyll, the accumulation of N, P, K, and dry matter in summer maize. In conclusion, the nutrient expert can be used to recommend fertilizer application in this area and increase production and fertilizer use efficiency.