西藏地区水土流失现状及防治对策

西藏地区土壤侵蚀以水力侵蚀、风力侵蚀和冻融侵蚀为主,水土流失主要受降水、大风、温度、地形地貌、地质、植被等自然因素及乱垦滥伐、过度放牧、掠取资源、破坏环境等人为因素影响.为防治西藏地区复杂多样的水土流失,结合西藏地区的自然属性和区域水土流失特点,将西藏地区分为藏东南水力侵蚀为主区、藏西风力侵蚀为主区、藏北冻融侵蚀为主区及藏中复合侵蚀区,并针对各区的自然属性及影响因素,提出在不同时期以防治水力侵蚀、风力侵蚀、冻融侵蚀和复合侵蚀为主的防治措施和发展方向,并提出加强水土流失防治宣传、研究水土流失机制和防治对策、落实水土保持措施等举措,以达到防治西藏地区水土流失、保护区域生态环境的目的.

Current situation of soil erosion and its countermeasures in Tibet

In Tibet,soil erosion is dominated by water erosion,wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion.Soil and water loss is mainly affected by natural factors,including precipitation,gale,temperature,topography and geomorphology,geology,vegetation etc.,and human factors,for example,over cultivation,plundering resource,deterioration of ecological environment and so on.In order to control the complex and varied type of soil and water loss,combining natural attributes and soil and water loss characteristics,we divided Tibet into southeastern water erosion region,western wind erosion region,northern freeze-thaw erosion region and middle part composite erosion region.According to natural attributes and affecting factors of each erosion region,we proposed control measures and development mainly focusing on water erosion,wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion,and composite erosion in different periods.To attain the goal of preventing soil and water loss in Tibet and protecting the ecological environment,propaganda of preventing soil and water loss must be strengthen,mechanisms and control measures of soil and water loss should be studied,and soil and water conservation measures should be carried out.