3种陆生植物化感物质提取液的抑藻活性研究

目的]研究3种陆生植物化感物质提取液的抑藻活性。方法]采用乙醇浸提,正己烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇逐级分相萃取法,对广玉兰、黄杨和龙瓜槐3种植物叶片中的化感物质进行分离提取,并测定各组分的抑藻特性。结果]广玉兰中的抑藻活性组分存在于正己烷相和正丁醇相中;龙爪槐的活性组分存在于正己烷相中;黄杨的抑藻活性组分主要存在于乙酸乙酯相和水相中。除黄杨水相组分外,各活性组分在投加1 d后即表现出显著抑藻活性,抑制率达50%,且抑制率随培养时间的增加而增加,对铜绿微囊藻的7 d生长抑制率均达90%以上,各组分的抑藻活性在一定范围内亦随浓度的升高而增强。其中广玉兰正己烷相和正丁醇相组分在最低浓度25μg/m l时抑藻活性达96%以上,显著高于其他各组分,且能引起藻细胞膨大或表面皱缩空洞。结论]广玉兰正己烷相和正丁醇相组分对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制活性最好,最具进一步研究的价值。

Studies on Antialgal Activities of Allelochemical Extracts from 3 Terrestrial Plant Species

Objective] The aim was to study antialgal activities of allelochemical extracts from 3 terrestrial plant species.Method] The allelochemicals were extracted from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora,Sophora japonica f.pendula and Buxus sinica(Rehd.et Wils.) Cheng by alcohol extraction,hexane,ethyl acetate and butanol partition.Furthermore antialgal activities of all components were determined.Result] The active substances of M.grandiflora mainly existed in hexane and butanol fractions.The active substances of S.japonica mainly existed in hexane fraction,while the active substances of B.sinica mainly existed in ethyl acetate and water fractions.All the active substances showed significant antialgal activity(50% inhibition) after 1 d incubation except the water fraction of B.sinica.In addition,inhibition rates of the tested fractions were increased with the increasing of culture duration and testing concentration.The inhibition rates were over 90% against the growth of M.aeruginos after 7 d cultivation.The hexane and butanol fractions of M.grandiflora exhibited the best antialgal activity,over 96% inhibition at the concentration of 25 μg/ml,which was significantly higher than those of the other components,furthermore it could cause the expanding and surface crimple of Microcystis aeruginosa.Conclusion] The hexane and butanol fractions of M.grandiflora have the best inhibition activities to the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa,so they are worthy of further study.