种植密度对不同地点玉米杂交种中单9409子粒品质的影响

在吉林梨树、山西寿阳和山东禹城,研究了种植密度对中单9409子粒品质的影响.同一种植密度不同地点子粒营养成分差异显著.在3万株/hm₂下(接近单株水平),子粒蛋白质含量为梨树点＞寿阳点＞禹城点,子粒淀粉含量为寿阳点＞禹城点＞梨树点,子粒油分含量为梨树点＞禹城点＞寿阳点.子粒蛋白质、淀粉和油分三者总含量(POSC)为寿阳点＞梨树点＞禹城点.在3万～12万株/hm₂范围内,梨树、寿阳和禹城3点随种植密度增加,子粒蛋白质含量分别出现降-升-降、升-平-平和降-升的趋势,淀粉含量分别出现升-降-升、升-降-升和升-升的趋势,油分含量分别出现降-降-降、降-降-升和降-降的变化趋势.梨树点容重随密度增加稍有增加趋势,寿阳点容重从3万～6万株/hm₂,稍有增加,之后随密度增加而下降,而在禹城点密度对子粒容重基本没有影响.这表明种植密度对玉米子粒品质的影响可因地理生态环境的改变而不同,考察玉米子粒品质的种植密度效应时应注意分析其它生态因素的影响。

Effects of Plant Densities on the Grain Quality of Hybrid Zhongdan 9409 at Different Areas

The effects of plant densities on the grain quality of hybrid Zhongdan9409 were studied in Lishu-Jilin province, Shouyang-Shanxi province and Yucheng-Shandong province. The results showed that the difference of grain quality existed significantly between different areas under same plant density. At 30 000 plants per ha, the order of the grain protein contents was Lishu>Shouyang>Yucheng, the order of grain starch was Shouyang>Yucheng>Lishu, the order of grain oil contents was Lishu>Yucheng>Shouyang, while the order of the total contents of protein, starch and oil was Shouyang>Lishu>Yucheng. From 30 000 plants/ha to 60 000 plants/ha, then to 90 000 plants/ha and then to 120 000 plans/ha, the grain protein contents showed a curve of down-up-down, up-steady-steady and down-up respectively, the grain starch contents showed a curve of up-down-up, and up-down--up, and up-up respectively, and the grain oil contents showed a curve of down-down-down, down-down-up and down-down respectively in Lishu, Shouyang and Yucheng. The test weight of grain increased slightly with the addition of the plant density in Lishu, while it increased slightly from 30 000 plants/ha to 60 000 plants/ha and then decreased with the addition of the plant density in Shouyang, and it had insignificant response to the effects of plant density in Yucheng. It is suggested that the effects of plant density on the grain quality of maize hybrid were affected by the geographical environment and the ecological factors should be considered when the effects of plant density were investigated.