钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态与其稳定性影响研究

钝化剂因其处理成本低廉、效果快速、操作简单和不影响农作物生产等优点而受到广泛关注。常见的钝化剂主要为石灰性物质、炭材料、粘土矿物、含磷材料、有机肥等。施用钝化剂后使土壤中的重金属可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁-锰氧化物结合态、有机物结合态和残渣态发生改变，降低其生物有效性。不同钝化剂对农田土壤中的重金属形态影响的稳定性存在一定差异。高污染土壤中施用的钝化剂可能会被污染物所饱和，其钝化容量有限，随着时间延长，钝化效果不明显。钝化剂对农田土壤重金属形态影响的稳定性持续时间仍有待探究。

Effect of Passivation Agent on Morphology and Stability of Heavy Metals in Cropland Soil

Due to its low processing cost, fast effect, simple operation and no harm to crop production, passivation agent has attracted extensive attention. The common types of passivation agent include lime material, carbon material, clay minerals, phosphorus materials, organic fertilizer and so on. The application of passivation agent could change exchangeable state of heavy metals, carbonate bound state, Fe-Mn oxide bound state, organic matter binding state and residue state to reduce bio-availability. Different kinds of passivation agent had different effects on the stability of heavy metals. The passivation agent applied in high contaminated soil might be saturated by pollutants, led to a limited passivation capacity. The passivation effect became weaker with the increase of time. The effect of passivation agent on the stability uration time of heavy metal morphology still need to be studied.