The efficacy of ultrasonic fumigation for disinfestation of storage facilities against postharvest pathogens |
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| Authors: | Avinoam Daus Batia Horev Orit Dvir Shahar Ish-Shalom Amnon Lichter |
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| Institution: | 1. Qingdao Branch of Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, 149-1 Zhuzhou Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong, China;2. Sunrui Marine Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China;1. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain;2. Departamento de Química y Edafología, Universidad de Navarra, Campus Universitario. 31009 Pamplona, Spain;1. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;2. Plant and Soil Sciences Department, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA;1. Università degli Studi di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;2. Istituto di Enologia e Ingegneria Agro-Alimentare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;3. Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain;4. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Unità Grugliasco, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Inoculum of postharvest pathogens can accumulate inside storage rooms and contaminate new batches of fruit and vegetables, but this chain can be broken by disinfecting storage facilities between storage periods. Quaternary ammonium (QA) has been known for over 50 years as an efficient disinfectant against microorganisms, with wide applications in the food industry. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Sporekill, designated here as QAsk), against development of Botrytis cinerea after direct exposure or by ultrasonic fogging. Following direct exposure to a concentration of QAsk below 5 mg L?1, a population of 104 conidia of B. cinerea was inactivated after 2 min; ultrasonic fogging with QAsk at 500 mg L?1 took 30 min to achieve consistent inactivation. Fumigation at 20 °C was considerably more effective than fumigation at 5 °C, and similar results were obtained for three other postharvest pathogens, Penicillium expansum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata. These results show that conidia of B. cinerea are highly sensitive to direct exposure to QAsk, but that effective sanitation of a storage facility by ultrasonic fumigation requires a QAsk concentration two orders of magnitude greater. |
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