Adapted thermal imaging for the development of postharvest precision steam-disinfection technology for carrots |
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| Authors: | Samuel Gan-Mor Rafi Regev Asher Levi Dani Eshel |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel;2. Dept. of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan, Israel;1. The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, No. 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, PR China;2. The Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, No. 104 Youyi Road, Haidian, Beijing 100094, PR China;1. Laboratoire Verres et Céramiques, UMR-CNRS 6226, University of Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France;2. Scientific Research Company “Carat”, 202, Stryjska str., 79031 Lviv, Ukraine;3. Department of Electronics, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 107, Tarnavskogo str., 79017 Lviv, Ukraine;4. Center for Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 1, Pigonia str., 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;5. Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP), UMR 6252 CEA-CNRS-ENSICaen, Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France;1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;2. Fonterra Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;1. CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Viticulture Research Center, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, Conegliano, TV, Italy;2. University of Turin, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;3. LUNAM Université, SFR 4207 QUASAV, UMT VINITERA, UPSP GRAPPE, Groupe ESA, 55 Rue Rabelais, Angers F-49007, France |
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| Abstract: | Postharvest carrots are brushed, hydro-cooled to 4–6 °C and treated with chemical fungicide before storage to prevent soft rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary during storage. Replacement of the fungicide with high-temperature surface heat treatment poses a dilemma: excessive heating will cause damage whereas insufficient heating will result in incomplete disinfection. This problem is further compounded by the difficulty in providing uniform surface heating. To alleviate this problem, a system for the uniform application of high-temperature short-duration steam disinfection was developed using accurate real-time temperature monitoring of individual produce segments by thermal imaging. Uniform short-duration high-temperature heat was delivered from above by steam jets combined with electric steam-drying elements and reflectors. Produce was subjected to rotational and linear motions to expose each surface segment to the same amount of heat. The novel use of thermal imaging to monitor surface temperature in steam systems was essential for determining transferred heat and heating uniformity in a treated object. The resultant, uniform application of short-duration high-temperature steam provided surface heat-disinfection with minimal internal heating and damage. Application of the steam treatment immediately after carrot hydro-cooling reduced post-storage phytotoxic color change by 60–80% and resulted in significantly reduced sensitivity to post-storage soft rots caused by S. sclerotiorum. Carrot sprouting was not increased by the steam treatment, suggesting retention of the hydro-cooling's physiological effect. These results suggest that precise heat treatment can be optimally applied after hydro-cooling to improve postharvest quality of carrots in a procedure that is harmless to man and the environment. |
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