黄牡丹远缘杂交亲和性及杂交后代形态分析

以黄牡丹（Paeonia lutea）为亲本进行了10年杂交育种试验，包括肉质花盘亚组内杂交、与革质花盘亚组间杂交、与芍药组间杂交，共计杂交组合111个，获得333株杂交后代。结果表明：（1）肉质花盘亚组内杂交，结籽数和成苗数均较高，但后代观赏性一般；黄牡丹与革质花盘亚组野生种和栽培品种亚组间杂交，以黄牡丹为母本，以花形简单的牡丹栽培品种为父本的组合方式效果较好，后代观赏性状优良；黄牡丹与芍药组间杂交，部分组合可以结实，但出苗率很低。（2）通过对花粉与柱头相互作用的观察发现，不亲和花粉会导致花粉管及柱头组织中胼胝质沉积，阻碍花粉管生长。（3）对后代形态特征观察发现，花盘革质，心皮被毛，叶裂片加宽可作为黄牡丹为母本的亚组间杂交后代形态鉴定的标准。

Distant Hybridization Compatibility of Paeonia lutea and Morphological Analysis of Its Progenies

Hybridization with Paeonia lutea has been conducted in ten years. Three hundred and thirty-three progenies were obtained from total 111 cross combinations with which P. lutea as crossing parents including infrasubsectional hybridization，intersubsectional hybridization and intersectional hybridization between Sect. Moutan and Sect. Paeon. Results showed that：（1）The number of seeds and seedlings of infrasubsectional hybridization in Paeonia subsect. Delavayanae are the highest，but the ornamental characters of the hybrid progenies are not optimal；In intersubsectional hybridization，generally P. lutea has better cross compatibility with species of simple flower types，and the hybrid progenies possess excellent ornamental characters；The emergence rate of intersectional hybridization is very low. （2）Observation of the pollen-stigma interaction showed that incompatible pollen cause callose reaction in pollen tube and stigma.（3）Through observation of morphological characteristics，it was found thatmorphological identification standards of intersubsectional hybridization can be established by leathery floral disc，carpel covered with hairs and widened leaf lobe.