花椰菜—黑芥渐渗系和异附加系的获得与分析

 以花椰菜—黑芥体细胞杂种自交及回交后代为材料，结合形态学特征，分子标记和荧光原 位杂交（FISH）等群体分析技术，在16 份高代回交及自交材料中筛选获得了花椰菜类型渐渗系材料12 份，偏花椰菜类型异附加系材料4 份。形态学调查及FISH 分析表明：12 份渐渗系材料除茎、叶等营养器 官特征与花椰菜近似外，已具有较正常的花球形成，染色体数为18 条，均来源于花椰菜；植株花粉母细 胞减数分裂行为基本正常。SSR 和AFLP 分子标记检测表明，渐渗系材料除扩增到数量不等的黑芥多态 性位点外，还扩增到埃塞俄比亚芥特异的多态性位点和少量新位点，另外发现渐渗系材料有丢失亲本花 椰菜多态性位点的现象。FISH 分析4 份异附加系材料的染色体组成，结果显示：PFCN29BC2S1-4 为9 条 花椰菜染色体附加8 条黑芥染色体；PFCN15-2S1BC5-6-2 和PFCN29BC4-37-7 为16 条花椰菜染色体分别 附加7 条和14 条黑芥染色体；PFCN29BC4-38-5 为花椰菜染色体附加了5 ~ 7 条黑芥染色体。

Identification and Characterization of Introgression and Additional Lines Between Cauliflower and Black Mustard

In this research，we analyzed the asymmetrical somatic hybrids of cauliflower（Brassica oleracea var. botrytis，CC，2n = 18）and black mustard（B. nigra，BB，2n = 16）and their selfed or backcrossed progenies by integrating morphological，cytological and molecular information．Among 16 advanced selfing and backcrossing descendants in analysis，12 introgression lines displaying the cauliflower-like morphology were identified with chromosome number 18. Simple sequence repeat（SSR） and amplified fragment length polymorphism（AFLP）analysis showed that those introgression lines preserved some DNA banding patterns from B. nigra，B. carinata（BBCC，2n = 34）and some of new bands，and all of these introgression lines showed an absence of some cauliflower-specific sites. 4 plants （PFCN29BC2S1-4，PFCN15-2S1BC5-6-2，PFCN29BC4-37-7 and PFCN29BC4-38-5）were confirmed to have 9，16，16 and 18 cauliflower chromosomes added with 8，7，14 and 5–7 B. nigra-derived chromosomes respectively by fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH）.