脱皮榆山西天然居群叶性状表型多样性研究

 采用巢式方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法，对山西脱皮榆（Ulmus lamellosa）6个天然居群150个个体的叶片14个表型性状进行多样性分析。结果表明：（1）脱皮榆14个表型性状在居群内和居群间均呈显著或极显著差异，说明不同居群表型性状存在着丰富的变异；（2）脱皮榆叶脉、最宽处锯齿、叶片、叶柄4个形态指标的变异系数（CV）分别为15.425%、23.731%、25.446%和45.168%，叶脉性状较其他性状稳定性高，叶柄性状稳定性较低；（3）居群间表型分化系数V_ST均值为28.104%，远远小于居群内变异（71.896%），居群内变异是其主要的变异来源；（4）脱皮榆居群表型变异呈纬度梯度规律性，随着纬度的增加，叶片逐渐变小，叶柄宽和叶厚也呈现递减的趋势；（5）利用居群间欧式距离进行聚类分析，将6个脱皮榆居群分为3大类。

Phenotypic Diversity of Leaves Morphologic Characteristics of Ulmus lamellosa Natural Populations in Shanxi

The method of the nested analysis，principal component analysis，cluster analysis and other statistical methods were adopted to reveal the pattern and degree of morphological variation of 14 leaves phenotypic characters from 150 individuals of 6 Ulmus lamellosa natural populations. The results showed：（1）All the 14 phenotypic characters showed a significant or very significant differentiation within and among populations，indicating there is a wealth of variation.（2）The coefficient of variation CV of 4 morphological indexes（vein，tooth of the widest part，blade and petiole）were 15.425%，23.731%，25.446% and 45.168% respectively. The stability of leaf veins was the highest，while the leaf petiole was the lowest. （3）The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_ST among populations was 28.104%，far less than that of within populations（71.896%），which indicated that the variation mainly occurred within populations.（4）The phenotypic characters of Ulmus lamellosa showed gradient regularity. The leaves，petiole width and leaf thickness became smaller gradually with the increase of latitude.（5）The 6 populations of Ulmus lamellosa gathtered into 3 clustes based on Euclidean distance.