朱顶红17 个品种杂交效率差异及其原因初探

 以从荷兰引进的17 个朱顶红品种为试验材料，根据优势互补和性状特异性原则，设计了44 个杂交组合和8 个自交组合，并对杂交结果进行了统计。结果表明：44 个杂交组合中，有38 个可结实（结 实率25.0% ~ 100%），且均获得了后代子苗（出苗率35.7% ~ 89.1%）；8 个自交组合中，有6 个可结实（结 实率62% ~ 100%），其中5 个获得了后代子苗（出苗率39% ~ 96%）。17 个品种的具体表现如下：①杂交 结实率方面，‘红狮’、‘卡门’和‘至尊’表现较好，除个别组合不结实外，作为父本和母本平均结实率 都达到了60%以上；②单果结籽数方面，‘至尊’、‘奥拉夫’和‘红狮’表现较好，作为母本单果结籽数 分别为44.6 粒、43.2 粒和44.0 粒；③子球生长量方面，组合‘红狮’ב蒙特布朗’、‘奥拉夫’ב蒙特 布朗’和‘至尊’ב蒙特布朗’生长最快，2 年生球周径分别为23.1 cm、22.5 cm 和20.5 cm；④子球扩 繁方面，2 年生球中共有19 个组合获得了分生子球，子球数最高的组合为‘当娜’ב朋友’，平均4.2 个。利用以上组合，共获得了1.6 万株杂交苗，并通过对已开花组合进行鉴定，初筛出新材料5 个。结合 试验中不同组合优劣表现和后代鉴定结果，对影响朱顶红杂交效率及后代选育的各种因素进行了初步分 析，并提出了相应对策。

Studies on Differences of Hybridization Efficiency and Related Reasons of 17 Hippeastrum Cultivars

To cultivate excellent new cultivars，we introduced 17 Hippeastrum cultivars from Netherlands in this study. We designed 44 hybrid and 8 self-fertilize combinations，and calculated the seed setting rate，emergence rate，growth speed and the number of cabbage. The results showed that in the 44 hybrid combinations，38 ones get hybrid offspring（seed setting rate 25.0%–100%）and obtain progeny seedlings（seedling emergence 35.7%–89.1%）；In the 8 self-fertilize combinations，6 ones get fruits（seed setting rate 62%–100%），and five of them harvest future generations（seedling emergence 39%–96%）. The concrete manifestation of the 17 cultivars are as following：（1）In terms of hybrid setting rate，‘Red Lion’，‘Carmen’，and‘Souvereign’had better performance. Except some combinations that didn’t seed， the average seed rating were more than 60% either as male or female parents.（2）In terms of seed number per fruit，‘Souvereign’，‘Olaf’，and‘Red Lion’had better performance. The average seed numbers per fruit of the three species as female parent were 44.6，43.2 and 44.0，respectively.（3）In terms of cormel growth，the combinations of‘Red Lion’בMout Blanc’，‘Olaf’בMout Blanc’，and‘Souvereign’× ‘Mout Blanc’had faster growth，the perimeters of 2-years-bulb were 23.1 cm，22.5 cm，and 20.5 cm， respectively.（4）In terms of cormel propagation，2-years-bulb of 19 combinations obtained gonidial balls， in which the‘Donau’בAmigo’combination had the most cormels，averaged at 4.2 per bulb. With above combinations this study obtained 16 thousands cross hybrid seedlings，from which 5 new cultivars were selected by identifying the blossom ones. The above results can serve as the reference for selecting breeding parents of Hippeastrum；Meanwhile，according to the performance of different combination and the results of offspring identification，this study analyzed the factors that affected the hybridization efficiency and offspring selection and brought up corresponding strategies.