切花菊远距离运输中水势变化及预处液研发

 以切花菊‘神马’为试材，探索了远距离运输导致其花朵开放过速的原因，并通过改良切 花菊预处理液配方，延长其远距离运输后的瓶插寿命。对经模拟远距离运输又复水后的切花菊花朵和叶 片水势测定的结果表明，长时间2 ℃冷链运输后，切花菊花朵和叶片水势下降可达10 × 105 Pa。花朵的 过速开放是由瓶插复水时水势骤变导致，单位时间内水势差越大花朵开放速度越快。花枝在长途运输时 逐渐失水，增加了复水时花枝内外的水势差，致使复水时水分供应快速，促进花头花瓣快速扩展。在传 统配方基础上添加适量的N–苯基–N’–1,2,3–噻二唑–5–脲（TDZ）可减缓花朵花冠直径增长速度、 延缓叶片衰老，改良后的最佳预处液配方为：200 mg · L-1 8–羟基喹啉（8-HQ）+ 200 mg · L-1 柠檬酸（CA）+ 2 mL · L-1 聚氧乙烯–8–辛基苯基醚（Triton X-100）+ 100 mg · L-1 维生素C + 0.05 mg · L-1 TDZ + 1% 蔗糖，在实践操作中该配方使切花菊瓶插寿命比对照延长了3 d。

Change Pattern of Water Potential After Long-distance Transportation and Development of Pretreatment Solution for Cut Chrysanthemum

Cut chrysanthemum‘Jinba’was used in this study to investigate the possible reason for accelerated flower opening after long distant transportation. Its vase life was prolonged by using optimized pretreatment solution. Measurements of water potential the cut flowers after simulative long distance transportation in cold（2 ℃）showed considerable drop（10 × 105 Pa）in water potential in both leaves and flowers during cold chain. The flower opening acceleration was likely due to abrupt change in water potential，and the level of water potential drop was consistent with enhanced flower opening rate. High water loss from branches of flowers during long distant transportation caused a drastic rise in water potential，which triggered rapid water absorption and simultaneously resulted in faster flower petals expansion. Adding appropriate amount of thidiazuron（TDZ）to original solution delayed leaf andflower senescence. An efficient pretreatment solution was formulated，which contained 200 mg · L-1 8-HQ + 200 mg · L-1 CA + 2 mL · L-1 Triton X-100 + 100 mg · L-1 vitamin C + 0.05 mg · L-1 TDZ + 1% sucrose. Pretreatment of this solution prolonged vase life of cut chrysanthemum by more than 3 days.