收获期对糯质玉米种子活力及呼吸代谢的影响

摘要：文章以来源于花甜糯072自交后代的糯质玉米为研究对象，于授粉后16，20，24，28，32，36，40 d收获种子，自然晾干至比较一致的含水量后进行活力测定。研究结果表明，该糯质玉米在授粉后32～36 d前后收获种子质量较高。授粉后32 d 收获的种子标准发芽率和顶土萌发率最高，种子浸出液电导率降至最低，后趋于稳定。授粉后36 d的种子千粒重最大，低温发芽率最高。授粉后40 d收获的种子呼吸代谢最强，此时增加代谢时间（IMT）、氧代谢率（OMR）、相对发芽时间（RGT）分别为878 h，386 %·h-1，4256 h，说明此时收获的种子已具备旺盛的呼吸代谢能力。建议糯质玉米种子电导率为41～43 μS·cm-1·g-1，IMT，OMR，RGT值分别为1165～1178 h，286～340 %·h-1，5051～5446 h时采收，可获得高活力种子

Effect of harvest time on seed vigor and respiratory metabolism of waxy maize seeds

The harvest time is the key factor affecting seed quality of maize. The seeds of waxy maize self crossed from Huatiannuo 072 were harvested at 16， 20， 24， 28， 32， 36 and 40 d after pollination. Seed quality was determined when seeds were dried by nature to the similar moisture content. The results suggested that there were higher qualities when seeds were harvested during 32-36 d after pollination. Seeds harvested at 32 d after pollination had the highest standard germination ability and deep sowing germination ability. Furthermore， the electric conductivity was decreased to the minimum and was tending towards stability. Seeds harvested at 36 d after pollination had the highest thousand seed weight and germination ability at low temperature. Seeds harvested at 40 d after pollination had the strongest respiratory metabolism. The increased metabolism time（IMT）， oxygen metabolism rate（OMR）， relative germination time（RGT） was 878 h， 386%·h-1， 4256 h， respectively. To gain waxy maize seeds with high vigor， they should be suggested for harvest when electric conductivity is 41-43 μS·cm-1·g-1 or IMT， OMR， RGT is 1165-1178 h， 286-340 %·h-1， 5051-5446 h， respectively.