矿质营养对水培油茶苗生长发育的影响

为了探究不同矿质营养水平对油茶苗生长发育的影响，通过建立油茶（Camellia oleifera）水培营养体系，对不同矿质浓度营养液培养条件下油茶幼苗叶片数、叶片SPAD值、生物量、根冠比和矿质元素含量进行测定。结果表明：矿质元素的亏缺或过量均明显影响油茶苗植株的根系生长和生物量的积累，其中K（-）处理对水培油茶苗生长的影响最大，显著降低了叶片SPAD值以及生物量；P营养不平衡对根系生长影响最明显，显著降低了根冠比（2106%）和根系占比（1740%）；矿质元素Mn和Zn主要影响油茶苗枝干和叶片干物质的积累，Mn（-）处理的油茶苗枝干生物量占比为2123%，Zn（-）处理的油茶苗叶片生物量占比为3658%，均为最低；此外，大量元素N，P，K的亏缺或过量不仅影响油茶苗对大量元素的吸收利用，还影响其对微量元素Mg，Zn，Mn和B的吸收，微量元素Mn和Zn的亏缺显著抑制了水培油茶苗对N，P，K的吸收。在油茶苗培育过程中应重视大量元素N，P，K和微量元素Mn，Zn的合理施肥。

Effect of mineral elements on growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings under hydroponics culture

 In order to clarify the effect of different mineral elements level on growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings， the hydroponics culture system for Camellia oleifera seedlings was established and the leaves number， SPAD value， biomass， root ratio and mineral elements content were determined. The results showed that both the mineral elements deficiency and overdoes could affect the root growth and biomass accumulation apparently. The K（-） treatment influenced the seedlings growth apparently and dramatically decreased the biomass and SPAD value. And the imbalance of P nutrition decreased the root shoot ratio （21.06%） and root ratio （17.40%） significantly. The dry matter accumulation of stems and leaves were mainly affected by Mn and Zn nutrition. The Mn（-） treated seedlings showed the lowest stems ratio (21.23%) and the Zn（-） treated seedlings showed the lowest leaves ratio (36.58%). In addition， the deficiency or overdose of macroelements N, P, K not only affected the macroelements absorption but also influenced the microelements absorption including Mg， Zn， Mn and B. And the deficiency of Mn and Zn restrained the absorption of N， P and K. Overall， the balancing fertilization of macroelements N， P， K and microelements Mn and Zn should be taken seriously during cultivation of Camellia oleifera seedlings.