桂花花芽分化和花开放研究进展

桂花Osmanthus fragrans是中国最重要的观赏植物之一。桂花的花芽分化和花开放对环境条件要求各不相同，使得这2个生物过程相对独立。综述了桂花花芽分化和花开放的相关研究进展，并在此基础上，结合笔者多年来在相关方面的研究结果，总结了不同类型、性别品种的花芽分化和花开放的环境条件，分析相关机制和原因，以期为桂花后期相关研究提供参考。秋桂花芽分化在夏季高温季节进行，相对低温能显著促进分化，四季桂秋季开花的成花机制同于秋桂，而其他季节开花则由不同机制控制；花芽分化完成后花的开放需要感受足够的相对低温，不同品种对气温的敏感性不同，造成品种间花期不同。表2参31

Progresses on flower bud differentiation and flower opening in Osmanthus fragrans

Osmanthus fragrans is one of the most important ornamental plants in China. Due to the difference in the requirement to the conditions of environmental factors between flower differentiation and flower opening, these two processes are relatively independent in this species. Combining the previous references on flower bud differentiation and flower opening with our researches, we summarize the progresses on flower bud differentiation and flower opening and their environmental factors, and then simultaneously analyze the corresponding mechanism, hoping to provide an overview and useful information for approaching researches. Flower bud differentiation of one-blossom genotypes （at autumn） of O. fragrans is finished under relatively high-temperature at summer, and the relative low-temperature treatment can promote this process. The flower differentiation of autumn-blossom in multi-blossom genotypes is similar with the one-blossom ones, however the mechanism of other-season blossom is obviously different. Flowers open only after the receptivity of a certain amount of chilling at autumn. The sensitivity difference to chilling requirement among different genotypes leads to the variation of flowering time. ［Ch, 2 tab. 31 ref.］