玉米全膜双垄沟自走直插式精量穴播机设计

为适应中国西北玉米全膜双垄沟播农艺技术要求,解决传统膜上播种机具作业所存在的挑膜、撕膜、穴孔错位等问题,研制了全膜双垄沟自走直插式玉米精量穴播机,为高性能膜上直插播种农机装备的开发奠定理论基础。依据直插播种作业原理,对样机结构组成、传动方案及关键作业部件进行分析;借助Step函数建立运动算例,对影响样机直插播种性能的盘形凸轮轮廓及所对应播种轨迹作分析研究,并进行田间播种试验。完成样机运动放大机构、直插成穴播种装置设计,获得盘形凸轮最大尺寸为182.719 mm,最小曲率半径为53.057 mm及相应Step控制函数;样机播种作业后穴孔错位率达0.43%,地膜采光面机械破损程度为45.5 mm·m^-2。自走直插式玉米精量穴播机播种运动轨迹合理,直插成穴装置位于播种段与出土段的水平分速为零,能够实现对全膜双垄沟覆膜种床的自适应低损伤播种,符合膜上播种作业质量评价技术规范要求。

Design of self-propelled direct insert precision hill-seeder of corn with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges

In order to meet the requirements of planting techniques of dry-land corn with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges in northwest China, to solve the problems about picked film, tore film and dislocation of soil hole caused by the traditional film seeding machine, a self-propelled direct insert precision hill-seeder of corn with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges has been developed, which provided the theoretical basis for the development of agricultural machinery equipment about high-performance direct insert seeding on plastic-film. According to the direct insert planting operation principle, the prototype structure, transmission scheme and key parts of the hill-seeder were analyzed. With the help of a Step function to establish motion studies, the profile of disc cam and the corresponding seeding kinematic trajectory were studied, and the seeding experiment in the field was carried out. The motion amplification mechanism and direct insert planting device have been designed, the maximum size of disc cam was 182.719 mm and the minimum radius of curvature was 53.057 mm, and the corresponding Step function was obtained. After the self-propelled direct insert precision hill-seeder worked, the dislocation of soil hole rate was 0.43% and the mechanical damage of daylighting plastic was 45.5 mm·m^-2. The sowing motion trajectory of self-propelled direct insert precision hill-seeder was reasonable, the direct insert planting device horizontal velocity component was zero in sowing period and excavating period, which could realize the self-adaption and low damage planting with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges, to meet the technical requirements specification of planting operation quality on plastic-film.