番茄灰霉病菌高效杀菌剂筛选及新型混剂研究

为了筛选对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)抑制活性较高的杀菌剂及新型混剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了8种化学杀菌剂、拮抗菌发酵上清液及其与化学杀菌剂的混配剂对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制活性。结果表明,咯菌腈、咪鲜胺、戊唑醇和腈菌唑对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制活性较高,EC₅₀值分别达0.031 92、0.057 18、0.185 60、0.805 30 μg·mL^-1;其次为异菌脲、嘧霉胺和百菌清,EC₅₀值分别为4.204 90、5.949 90和8.816 30 μg·mL^-1;代森锰锌的抑菌效果最差,EC₅₀值为103.519 40 μg·mL^-1。解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)gfj-4培养72 h所产发酵上清液对番茄灰霉病菌的EC₅₀为76.9 mL·L^-1。采用Horsfall的复配方法,设计发酵上清液与咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、代森锰锌、咯菌腈和异菌脲分别以体积比6:4、4:6、8:2、9:1和7:3的比例复配,毒性比分别为1.61、1.60、1.53、1.38和1.32,具有显著的增效作用。

Screening of high efficient fungicide for the pathogen of tomato gray mold and research on novel mixed agent

The study aimed to acquire high efficiency fungicides and novel mixed agent for the control of tomato gray mold. The inhibitory activities of 8 fungicides, fermentation supernatant of antagonistic bacteria and mixed agent of fermentation supernatant and chemical fungicides to Botrytis cinerea were tested with the mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that fludioxonil, prochloraz, tebuconazole and myclobutanil had high toxicity to Botrytis cinerea, and EC₅₀ were 0.031 92, 0.057 18, 0.185 60 and 0.805 30 μg·mL^-1, respectively. Followed by iprodione, pyrimethanil and chlorothalonil, their EC₅₀ were 4.204 90, 5.949 90 and 8.816 30 μg·mL^-1. The inhibitory effect of mancozeb was the worst with the EC₅₀ of 103.519 40 μg·mL^-1, and the EC₅₀ of fermentation supernatant of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cultured for 72 h to Botrytis cinerea was 76.9 mL·L^-1. Horsfall's method was applied to screen the synergistic combinations. The toxicity ratio reached 1.61, 1.60, 1.53, 1.38 and 1.32 when the mixed proportion of fermentation supernatant and prochloraz, tebuconazole, mancozeb, fludioxonil and iprodione were 6:4, 4:6, 8:2, 9:1 and 7:3, respectively, which had obvious synergistic effect.