根区土壤加温对塑料大棚内红地球葡萄生长发育和品质的影响

为研究塑料大棚内葡萄Vitis vinifera促成栽培中萌芽期根区土壤加温对树体生长发育、果实品质以及土壤温度的影响，试验以5年生红地球葡萄Vitis vinifera‘Red Globe’为试材，在需冷量满足后进行根区土壤加温处理，设置（25±1）℃/（15±1）℃（昼/夜）（简称T25）和（20±1）℃/（15±1）℃（昼/夜）（简称T20）和对照（ck）等3个温度梯度，探讨它们对土壤温度、葡萄物候期、树体生长发育和果实品质的影响。结果表明:萌芽期T25和T20处理下土壤日平均温度分别比ck高13.1℃和8.4℃；萌芽期分别比对照提早26，20 d，始花期提早27，21 d，成熟期提早18，10 d；新梢长度和粗度、单株果穗数显著增加（P<0.05）；可溶性固形物、维生素C质量分数增加，酸质量分数降低，果实品质提高；果穗质量和单株产量均显著高于对照（P<0.05）。说明萌芽期适当提高土壤温度可以使葡萄提早解除生态抑制性休眠，提前进入萌芽，果实品质改善，提早上市。图3表5参13

Growth,development, and quality of red globe grapes using root-zone soil heating in a plastic greenhouse

To study the effect of root-zone soil heating on growth, the fruit quality phenological phase, and berry quality of red globe grapes Vitis vinifera ‘Red Globe’ and on soil temperature in a plastic greenhouse, five-year-old red globe grapes were evaluated. The root-zone was heated during the early period of protected cultivation. Treatments were temperatures of (25 ±1)℃/(15 ±1)℃ (day/night) (T25), (20 ± 1)℃/(15 ± 1)℃(day/night) (T20), and nature root-zone soil temperature as control (ck). Results showed that compared to the control, the average temperature of T25 and T20 treatment were increase by about 13.1℃ and 8.4℃ during the heating period, and the T25 treatment advanced bud burst 26 d, flowering period 27 d, and maturity 18 d; whereas, the T20 treatment advanced bud burst 20 d, flowering period 21 d, and maturity 10 d. Through adoption of LSD for variance analysis, P=0.05, the shoot length and coarseness, cluster weight, ear number per plant, and yield per plant were greater than the control. Also, compared to the control, grapes with root-zone heating conditions showed a higher concentration of total soluble solids and vitamin C content and lower titratable acidity in its juice meaning better berry quality. Thus, appropriate increases in soil temperature could allow this grape ecotype an earlier break in dormancy, an earlier advance into the bud stage, and therefore an earlier arrival at the market.Ch, 3 fig. 5 tab. 13 ref.]