褪黑素受体Mel1a在鸭不同组织中的表达研究

褪黑素是由松果体分泌的吲哚类激素，褪黑素通过与其受体（Mel 1a， Mel 1b and Mel 1c）结合发挥对动物的节律性，生殖调控，抗凋亡和抗氧化等调节作用。为探究Mel1a mRNA和Mel1a蛋白在鸭不同组织中的表达与分布以及在各个组织的相对表达量，研究褪黑素通过Mel1a受体参与鸭的生殖调控作用及其他生物学效应奠定基础，采集鸭心、脾、大脑、小脑、肾、肝、肺、胰和骨骼肌肉组织，利用PCR、免疫组织化学和RT PCR技术研究Mel1a mRNA和Mel1a蛋白在鸭各组织中表达分布以及Mel1a mRNA的相对表达量。研究结果表明：鸭Mel1a mRNA在心、脾、大脑、小脑、肾、肝、肺、卵巢、胰和骨骼肌组织中均存在表达；Mel1a蛋白在大脑、肺、肝、骨骼肌、肾、心和胰组织中均有表达；Mel1a mRNA定量结果表明，各组织中的Mel1a mRNA表达量存在差异，大脑、肺、卵巢、脾、小脑和胰脏的相对表达量较高，而肝、骨骼肌、肾和心的相对表达量较低。褪黑素首先通过与其受体结合而发挥生理调控功能，所以通过研究Mel1a mRNA和蛋白在不同组织的表达分布及其相对表达量，为研究褪黑素及其受体的生理功能如调控昼夜节律，抗凋亡、抗氧化、增强免疫力、卵母细胞成熟以及胚胎的发育探究提供基础。

Study on expression of melatonin receptor Mel1a in several duck tissues

Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted by the pineal gland， and involved in regulating the circadian， seasonal reproduction， antioxidant activity and anti apoptosis. The present study investigated the expression， distribution and relative expression quantity of Mel1a mRNA and Mel1a protein in different organs of duck， which laid the foundation for further study on regulating effect of melatonin on the reproductive physiology and other biological function. In this study， we collected the heart， spleen， brain， cerebellum， kidney， liver， lung， ovary， pancreas and muscle tissues of duck. The expression of Mel1a in duck tissues were detected by the methods of PCR and immunohistochemical techniques at mRNA and protein levels. The Mel1a mRNA relative expression quantities in different organs were detected by real time PCR. The major results were described as follows: Mel1a mRNA was expressed in the heart， spleen， brain， cerebellum， kidney， liver， lung， ovary， pancreas and muscle tissues of duck. Mel1a protein was expressed in the brain， lung， liver， muscle， kidney， heart and pancreas tissues of duck. Moreover， real time quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression level of Mel1a gene in different tissues and the gene expression level in brain was selected as a baseline. The quantitative results showed that Mel1a gene had high expression levels in brain， lung， ovary， spleen， cerebellum and pancreas and low levels in kidney， liver， muscle and heart. Melatonin plays an important role in physiological regulation function by binding to its receptors and it is very important to study the melatonin receptor expression and distribution， which are useful to elucidate the role and mechanism of melatonin on circadian rhythm， anti apoptosis， antioxidant activity， enhancing immunity， oocyte maturation and embryo development.