兰科植物的生殖隔离

生殖隔离是物种形成过程中最关键的步骤之一,它保证了每个物种相对稳定的遗传系统,是物种保持完整性和独立性的基础。兰科Orchidaceae作为有花植物中物种多样性最丰富的类群之一,有关其生殖隔离主要机制的研究对探讨物种分化的条件具有重要的科学意义。兰科植物的生殖隔离机制包括合子前隔离和合子后隔离。还分析了不同传粉类型的兰科植物的生殖隔离机制,其中性欺骗兰科植物主要是合子前隔离的行为隔离机制,食源性欺骗兰科植物主要是合子前隔离的机械隔离以及合子后隔离机制。同时,对兰花育种领域通过人工杂交等形式打破生殖隔离获得新品种的机理和成果开展了分析和展望,并从兰科植物与真菌区域共生的机制及其在兰科植物生殖隔离中的作用的角度展望了今后相关研究的重点研究方向。

The mechanisms of reproductive isolation in orchids

Reproductive isolation, one of the key processes of speciation and which has ensured a relatively stable genetic system for each species, is fully studied with orchids having the highest biodiversity in flowering plants. Different reproductive isolation mechanisms including prezygotic isolation and postzygotic isolation are introduced and different pollination systems are analyzed. The main mechanism of reproductive isolation for the sexually deceptive orchid is ethological isolation, and for the food deceptive orchid is mechanical isolation and postzygotic isolation. New species can be obtained by artificial cross breeding which breaks the reproductive isolation. Moreover, the relationship between symbiotic germination and reproductive isolation mechanisms in orchids is worth studying in the future.