黄淮海地区夏玉米氮高效品种筛选及增产潜力分析

以 51个玉米品种为研究对象,在河南浚县、河北赵县和山西定襄同时开展大田试验,设置低氮和高氮两个氮素水平,研究各品种在不同供氮条件下的产量差异。聚类分析结果表明,锦华228、 C3288、潞玉1611、汉单169、迪卡 653、 C1210和汉单 777为高产品种,潞玉 1611、新单 58和锦华 228在 3个试验点均为双高效型品种,金海 2010、郑单 958和 C2235在河南和山西点为低氮高效型, ND1602、龙单 81和敦玉 323在河北和山西点为低氮高效型,浚单 3136和农华 5号在河北和山西点为高氮高效型。双高效品种的增产潜力为 8.00%～13.58%。因此,在黄淮海地区,选择种植潞玉 1611和锦华 228等高产氮高效型品种,进行合理田间管理,可实现黄淮海地区夏玉米高产稳产和节本增效。

Screening of High Nitrogen Use Efficiency Varieties and Analysis of Yield Increase Potentials of Summer Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

A field experiment in three locations, Xunxian in Henan, Zhaoxian in Hebei and Dingxiang in Shanxi, was conducted using 51 maize varieties. Two nitrogen levels with low and high nitrogen rates were set to analyze the yield variation of different maize variety. The result of Cluster analysis indicated that JH228, C3288, LY1611, HD169, DK653, C1210 and HD777 were high-yield varieties. LY1611, XD58 and JH228 were double-efficient varieties which showed high-yield under both low and high nitrogen input. JH2010, ZD958 and C2235 were nitrogen efficiency which got high-yield only under low nitrogen input in Henan and Shanxi, as well as ND1602, LD81 and DY323 in Hebei and Shanxi. XD3136 and NH5H were nitrogen efficiency which got high-yield only under high nitrogen input in Hebei and Shanxi. The yield increase potential of double- efficiency varieties was 8.00% - 13.58%. Thus, selecting and cultivating high-yield and nitrogen efficiency varieties such as LY1611 and JH228, and taking reasonable field management could increase yield and reduce nitrogen input in Huang-HuaiHai region.