Development of urban forest policy-making toward governance in the Republic of Korea |
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| Authors: | Mi Sun Park Yeo-Chang Youn |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Room 7215, Building 200, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Forest Sciences, Room 7219, Building 200, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea;1. Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan;2. Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Hamasaka 1390, Tottori, Japan;3. Department of Ecoregion Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan;1. Laboratory of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece;2. Division of Water Resources Management, Department of Natural Resources Management & Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75, Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece;1. Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecology, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165 Berlin, Germany;2. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany;1. Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;2. Red Rose Forest, 6 Kansas Avenue, Salford M50 2GL, UK;1. Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, 21033, Hamburg, Germany;2. Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK;3. Romanian Academy, Institute of Geography, 12 Dimitrie Racovita St Sector 2, Bucharest, Romania;4. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Igua 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay;5. “Finance, Strategic Planning & Process Innovation” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna Department of Management Via Capo di Lucca, 34 40126, Bologna, Italy;6. Department of Environmental Studies Simon Bolivar University Valle de Sartenejas, Ecology of Mangroves and Climate Change Laboratory (BoLab), Pavillon 4. Baruta, Miranda, Venezuela;7. Technical Commission of Environment and Commission for Urban and Territorial Development, National Academy of Engineering and Habitat, Venezuela;8. Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-19, Aveiro, Portugal;9. Human, Social and Environmental Sciences Institute, Scientific and Technological National Research Institute, Av. Ruiz Leal, s/n Parque San Martín, Mendoza, Argentina;10. Head of the Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Rua Adolfo Melo 34, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil;11. Researcher from the Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Rua Adolfo Melo 34, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil;12. Institute for European Studies Islands and Small States Institute, University of Malta, Malta;13. Environmental Management and Planning Division, Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, Malta;14. Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina blvd 19, LV 1586, Riga, Latvia;15. Department of Geography at the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy, and Geography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bionchev Str., Bl.3, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria;p. Deputy Chair of the Groundwater Management Group – International Water Association (IWA), Groundwater Engineering Research Centre, Technical University of Civil Engineering, Bucharest, Str. Rascoalei din 1907, nr. 5, Romania;q. Geospatial Analysis and Modelling (GAM) Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia;r. Temporary Attached of Teaching and Research, PhD Student in Economics, University of Corsica, UMR CNRS 6240 LISA, Avenue Jean Nicoli, 20250, Corte, France;s. Raw Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, via Terracini, 28 - 40131, Bologna, Italy;1. Debre Markos University, Department of Natural Resource Management, P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia;2. Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development (EiABC), Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 518, Ethiopia |
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| Abstract: | This research attempts to analyze the emergence and development of urban forest policies at the national and local levels in the Republic of Korea. The Policy Arrangement Approach (PAA) is applied as an analytical frame to analyze changes in the urban forest policies of the central and local governments. The PAA offers four dimensions that can be used to describe and analyze the policy process: actors, power, rules of the game and discourse. The research findings indicate that a discourse on sustainable development in which the social functions of forests are taken into account substantially contributed to the creation of urban forest policies. This discourse contributed to the activities of actors and their power relationships and to the introduction of new rules relating to Korean urban forest management. In addition to public actors, private actors have also participated in creating and managing urban forests. Various partnerships among actors were formed for urban forest management. Civil society exercised its power to design and manage urban forests through increased voluntary participation. The legislation relating to urban forests functioned as a framework for urban forest policies at the national and local levels. Agreements acted as new rules governing the relationships among the actors who were involved in urban forest management. In conclusion, the four dimensions of policy arrangements relating to urban forest policy, and the interconnections among these dimensions, elucidate the emergence and dynamic development of urban forest management in the direction of governance at the national and local level in the Republic of Korea. In particular, discourse about forests was a substantive dimension of policy arrangements, and it influenced changes in the identity of the participating actors and their power. The discourse contributed to the establishment and development of rules for urban forest management. Thus this research provides strong evidence that the PAA helps understand dynamic changes of urban forest policy-making toward governance. |
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| Keywords: | Forest policy Policy Arrangement Approach Urban forestry |
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