不同年代玉米单交种产量和品质性状对秸秆还田的响应

选用 1970s～2000s典型玉米单交种及其亲本自交系共 12个基因型为试验材料，以秸秆不还田为对照，研究秸秆还田条件下其产量性状和品质性状的变化规律。结果表明，自 1970年代至 2000年代，玉米单交种及其亲本的产量同步增加，这种增产效应在秸秆还田条件下表现更优。秸秆还田条件下， 2000s较 1990s、 1980s、 1970s单交种增产 7.23%～25.56%，母本增产 12.05%～30.38%，父本增产 9.80%～32.74%；秸秆不还田条件下，单交种增产5.92%～13.98%，母本增产 11.41%～28.54%，父本增产 9.96%～32.31%。单交种子粒蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈下降趋势，淀粉含量与容重呈上升趋势。秸秆还田对各年代玉米单交种的产量性状和容重的提高程度产生一定促进作用，对于现代品种的影响较老品种更大。

Responses of Yield and Quality Traits of Maize Hybrids to Straw Returning in Different Eras

Twelve genotypes of the 1970s-2000s typical maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines were selected as experimental materials, and the change rule of yield and quality characters under the condition of straw returning was studied with no straw returning as control. The results showed that the yield of maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines increased synchronously from the 1970s to the 2000s, and this effect was better under the condition of straw returning. Under the condition of straw returning, the yield of 2000s was 7.23%-25.56% higher than that of the 1990s, 1980s, and 1970s, the yield of the female parent was 12.05%-30.38% higher than that of 1990s, 1980s, and 1970s and the yield of the male parent was 9.80%-32.74% higher than that of 1990s, 1980s and 1970s; under the condition of no straw returning, the yield of maize hybrids increased by 5.92%-13.98%, the yield of female parent inbred lines increased by 11.41%-28.54%, and the yield of the male parent increased by 9.96%-32.31%. The protein content and fat content of maize hybrid seeds showed a decreasing trend, while the starch content and volume weight showed an increasing trend. Straw returning had a certain promoting effect on the improvement of yield characters and volume weight of maize hybrids in different eras, which had a greater impact on modern varieties than the old ones.