番茄对氮磷钾及中微量元素的吸收规律研究

通过田间试验研究了番茄生长过程中对氮、磷、钾及中微量元素的吸收分配规律。通过试验,测定番茄各个时期根系、茎秆、叶片、果实中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌的含量,旨在发现番茄各时期矿质元素的吸收规律。研究表明:随番茄生长发育的进行,氮、磷、钾及中微量元素在根、茎、叶中的分配率均呈降低的趋势,而果实中各元素分配率持续提高。至番茄成熟期果实中氮、磷、钾分配率分别达44.89%、56.73%、54.25%,钙、镁分配率分别达19.9%、53.9%,铁、锰、铜、锌分配率分别达31.8%、19.0%、27.8%、9.0%。番茄全生育期吸收钾最多,氮次之,磷最少,全生育期对氮、磷、钾吸收比例为3.0∶1.0∶4.7;对钙、镁吸收比例为8.1∶1;番茄全生育期对铁需求较大,锌、锰次之,铜最少,吸收比例为38.6∶2.9∶1∶2.0。

Study on the absorption law of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and trace elements of tomatoes

The growth characteristics of tomatoes and the absorption and distribution of N,P,K and trace elements among different parts of tomato plant were studied through field experiments.The root system,stalks,leaves,fruits of tomatoes N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn contents were tested in order to find the absorption of mineral elements in each period of tomatoes.With the growth of tomato,the distribution rate of N,P,K and trace elements in roots,stalks and leaves decreased,while the distribution rate of all elements in fruits continued to increase.The distribution rates of N,P and K were 44.89%,56.73%and 54.25%,Ca and Mg were 19.9%and 53.9%,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn were 31.8%,19.0%,27.8%and 9.0%,respectively,at the mature period of tomatoes.The N,P and K absorption ratio of tomatoes was 3.0∶1.0∶4.7;the absorption ratio of Ca and Mg was 8.1∶1;the absorption ratio of Fe,Zn,Mn and Cu was 38.6∶2.9∶1∶2.0.