福建三沙湾盐田港海域游泳动物的种类组成和多样性

根据2012年和2013年拖网调查资料,分析和研究了福建盐田港海域游泳动物的种类组成、生物密度分布及种类多样性特征。结果表明,调查海域游泳动物有66种,其中鱼类40种,占60.6%;甲壳类23种,占34.8%;头足类3种,占4.5%。相对重要性指数大于500的有9种,分别为半滑舌鳎、口虾蛄、多鳞、双斑蟳、鹰爪虾,孔虎鱼、中颌棱鳀、大黄鱼、哈氏仿对虾;游泳动物的质量密度和尾数密度,2012年11月分别为996.31kg/km2和135.64×103个/km2,2013年4月分别为668.25kg/km2和87.50×103个/km2;物种多样性指数为1.77~5.73,均值为3.49;丰富度指数为1.77~5.73,均值为3.20;均匀度指数为0.58~0.89,均值为0.77。总体看来,该海域渔业生态环境质量良好,海洋生物物种丰富,种间分布较均匀,群落结构稳定,适合游泳动物生物生长、繁育。

Species Composition and Community Diversity of Nekton Catch in Yantian Harbor Area in Sansha Bay in Coatal Fujian

The species composition ,density distribution and diversity of nekton catch were analyzed ,based on data from fisheries resources investigation by bottom trawl in waters of Yantian Harbor area coastal Fu‐jian province in November 2012 and March 2013 .The results showed that there were 66 speceis of nekton in the water ,including 40 fish species (60 .6% ) ,23 crustacean (34 .8% ) ,and 3 cephalopod (4 .5% ) .The 9 species had relative importance index (IRI) of over 500 ,including half smouth tongue‐sole Cynoglossus semilaevis ,edible mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria ,Sillago sihama ,Charybdis bimaculata ,periscope shrimp Trachypenaeus curvirostris ,Trypauchen vagina ,Thryssa mystax ,large mouth craker Pseudosci‐aena crocea and Parapenaeposis hardwickii .The density of biomass (weight and number) was 996 .31 kg/km2 and 135 .64 × 103 ind ./km2 in November 2012 and 668 .25 kg/km2 and 87 .50 × 103 ind ./km2 in March 2013 .The nektons had richness (D) of 3 .20 in range of 1 .77—5 .73 ,Shannon‐wiener index (H′)3 .49 in range of 1 .77—5 .73 ,and evenness index ( J′) 0 .77 in range of 0 .58—0 .89 .Overall ,the fisheries ecologi‐cal environment in the water is favorable ,the species of nektons are abundant ,the species were well‐dis‐tributed and the community construction was stabilization ,wich was suitable for nekton growing and breeding .