生物炭与氮肥减量条件下氮高效玉米品种的氮效率研究

试验采用裂区试验设计,氮肥为主区,设置氮肥不同量级与生物炭配施;品种为副区,设氮高效和氮低效品种,分别为郑单958(ZD958)和先玉508(XY508),于大喇叭口期、吐丝期、灌浆期、乳熟期、腊熟期取样测定各器官鲜干重,测定氮含量用以计算氮素积累量、吸收效率、利用效率和氮效率。生物炭3000 kg/hm²与纯N 165 kg/hm²配施干物质积累、氮积累能力及氮效率均表现突出,生物炭3000 kg/hm²与纯N 210 kg/hm²配施产量表现最高,且显著高于生物炭3000 kg/hm²+纯N 165 kg/hm²处理。生物炭3000 kg/hm²与纯N 165 kg/hm²配合施用时,氮高效品种郑单958的干物质积累能力、氮积累能力、氮效率及产量均优于氮低效品种先玉508,且达到显著差异。在内蒙古平原灌区,生物炭与氮肥减量条件下,生物炭3000 kg/hm²与纯N 165~210 kg/hm²配施,可实现节氮30%~45%,氮高效玉米品种氮效率提升52.78%~93.33%,更能发挥氮高效品种较强的氮吸收能力和氮利用能力,利于实现高产、高效。

Study on Nitrogen Efficiency of Maize Varieties with High Nitrogen Efficiency under Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction

The experiment was conducted in a split-zone design, with N fertilizer as the main zone and different levels of N fertilizer applied with biochar, and varieties as the secondary zone, namely Zhengdan958(ZD958) and Xiangyu508(XY508), which were N-efficient and N-inefficient. Samples were taken at the twelve-leaves stage, silking stage, filling stage, milk maturity stage, wax maturity stage, to determine the fresh and dry weight of each organ, and small samples were left to determine the nitrogen content, which was used to calculate nitrogen accumulation, uptake efficiency, utilization efficiency and nitrogen efficiency. Biochar 3 000 kg/ha combined with pure N 165 kg/ha showed outstanding dry matter accumulation, nitrogen accumulation capacity and nitrogen efficiency, while biochar 3 000 kg/ha combined with pure N 210 kg/ha showed the highest yield. It was significantly higher than that of biochar 3 000 kg/ha+ pure N 165 kg/ha. When biochar 3 000 kg/ha and pure N 165 kg/ha were applied together, the dry matter accumulation capacity, nitrogen accumulation capacity, nitrogen efficiency and yield of nitrogen efficient variety ZD958 were better than that of nitrogen inefficient variety XY508, and the difference was significant. In the irrigated area of Inner Mongolia Plain, the combined application of biochar 3 000 kg/ha with pure N 165-210 kg/ha could achieve a nitrogen saving of 30%-45%. Nitrogen efficiency of nitrogen efficient maize varieties increased by 52.78%-93.33%, and the nitrogen efficient varieties could better play the strong nitrogen absorption and nitrogen utilization capacity. Benefit to achieve high yield and high efficiency.