环境因子对无土栽培甜椒脐腐病发生率的影响

生理性病害--番茄、甜椒脐腐病与果实中缺钙有关.为了探明空气相对湿度(RH)、基质条温度和湿度等环境因子对无土栽培甜椒脐腐病发生率的影响,进行了一系列试验.共设置了12种试验处理,包括提高空气相对湿度到60%、对照;基质条冷却至17 ℃、对照;基质条湿度设定为50%、60%、由定时器控制.结果表明,提高RH可明显缓和温室内RH和气温的日变化;显著增加果实中维管束数量,果实顶端和基部其维管束数量分别比对照温室的高14.6%和11.4%;可显著提高果实中的钙含量,其中果实顶端和基部分别比对照温室高19.9%和16.6%,从而降低脐腐病的发病率.果实和叶片中钾含量未受RH高低的影响.基质条冷却可提高根基氧含量,这有利于提高根系活力.RH、基质条温度和湿度这3种环境因子对甜椒脐腐病的发生率的影响有累积效应.但处理间果实数量和产量差异不显著.

Effects of environment factors on the occurrence of blossom-end rot in soilless cultured Capsicum fructescens var. grossum

Blossom-end rot (BER), a physical disorder common in tomato and pepper fruits, is related to calcium deficiency in the fruits. To investigate the effects of air humidity, slab temperature and slab moisture on the incidence of BER in soilless cultured sweet pepper, a series of experiments have been carried out within three years. There were 12 treatments, included air humidity enrichment to 60%, air humidity control environment; slab cooling to 17 ℃, control; slab moisture controlled by timer, set at 50%, set at 60%. The results showed that air humidity enrichment buffered the acute daily change of the air relative humidity and the air temperature in the greenhouse, especially during a hot day. The number of vascular bundles in the fruit parts was significantly increased under the humid conditions, and a much higher increase was found in the distal part of the fruit than that in the basal part, with 14.6% and 11.4% increase relative to the control plants respectively. The Ca levels were significantly higher in the fruits developed under the humidity enrichment conditions, with 19.9% more in the basal part and 16.6% more in the distal part than that in the control. However, the K content is quite stable both in the fruits and in the leaves. Slab cooling resulted in higher oxygen content in the root environment, which improved root activity. It was clear that air humidity enrichment, slab cooling as well as slab moisture 50% significantly lowered the incidence of BER. And there was positive cumulative effect of air humidity enrichment, slab cooling and slab moisture on the occurrence of BER in soilless cultured sweet pepper. But no explicitly significant differences of the harvested fruit number and the yield were observed among the different treatments throughout the growing season.