不同生境的绞股蓝营养器官解剖特征及品质分析

应用显微技术对同一品种不同生境下生长的绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphylla)的根、茎、叶、叶柄等营养器官的解剖特征进行比较研究.结果表明:不同生境使绞股蓝营养器官的形态结构和数量特征发生了不同程度的变化,尤其是叶的解剖特征差异更为明显,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、栅/海的比值、主脉直径、主脉维管束的发达程度均为阳生>中生>阴生,而绞股蓝叶面积的大小则是阴生>中生>阳生.此外,3种生境对绞股蓝产量和品质也产生不同程度的影响,阴生绞股蓝较中生和阳生栽培的产量高,品质好,人参皂苷含量高,说明阴生环境有利于植株生长,可生产出高产优质的产品,从而提高经济效益.

Anatomic Characteristics and Quality of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Vegetative Organs in Different Niches

Anatomic characteristics in vegetative organs including root, stem, leaf and leafstalk of Gynostemma pentaphyllum grown in three different niches, sun, half-shade and shade, were observed by microscopy techniques. Microscopy observations show that the structure and quantity characteristics of the vegetative organs vary under different niches, especially the anatomic characteristics of leaf. The leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness of G.pentaphyllum grown in the sun are the highest of the three, followed by those in half shade and in the shade. The same happens to the ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness, main nervures diameter and vascular development of midrib. However, the leaf area is just the opposite. The leaf area is the largest in the shade but the smallest in the sun. Moreover, the yield and quality of G.pentaphyllum grown in the different niches are distinctive. G. pentaphyllum grown in the shade is more productive and better in quality with more ginsenoside than that in the half shade and the sun. The results show that shade is good to G. pentaphyllum,s growth and thus would enhance the output and economic benefit.